噬菌体T,DNA长约50um E -coli- DNA长约1mm 人生殖细胞DNA长约1m 双链环状DNA(double stranded cyclic DNA, DSCDNA 双链环状DNA在自然界是广泛存在的如一些病毒DNA、 一些噬菌体DNA、细菌质粒DNA、线粒体和叶绿体DNA等

Gene mutation and evolution Gradual accumulation of mutations over long periods of time results in new biological species, each with a unique DNA sequence. Mutations and stabilization of mutations to new species. Charles Darwin: Unifying evolution theory-the origin of species from a common ancestor

Histones vs Nonhistone Histones are small, very basic proteins rich in lysine and arginine. The histones are the basic building blocks of chromatin structure. The nucleoids of prokaryotic cells also have proteins associated with DNA, but these proteins are quite different from the histones and do not seem to form a comparable chromatin structure. Nonhistone chromosomal proteins-The histones are accompanied

酶的活性中心 酶化学修饰的目的 酶化学修饰的原理 酶化学修饰的设计 酶化学修饰的应用

1掌握反映体液及酸碱平衡状况的各项指标的含义,正常值 2掌握几种脱水与钾钠紊乱及四种单纯型ABD和混合型ABD概念及英文词汇 3掌握几种脱水与钾钠紊乱及四种单纯型ABD的原因和机制,机体的代偿调节,血气检测特点,对机体的影响 4掌握ABD类型的判断方法(一划五看)与血气分析的基本原理 5了解四种单纯型ABD的防治原则,了解混合型ABD的类型及血气检测特点

主要介绍氨基酸、肽和蛋白质的结构、性质、 功能以及蛋白质的结构与功能的关系。还介绍 了一些基本技术如氨基酸的分离、纯化,多肽 的人工合成,蛋白质的分离、纯化、鉴定等

1.蛋白质空间结构的研究方法 (1)x射线衍射法(x-ray- diffraction method) (2)核磁共振(NMR) (3)光谱法(红外光谱、紫外差光谱、荧光光谱) (4)旋光色散法(optical rotatory dispersion,oRd) (5)园二色性(circular dichroism,cd