Pili and fimbriae G short, fine, hairlike appendages that are not involved in motility Fimbriae/fimbria: 1000piece/cell, adhesion to host epithelium Sex pill/pilus: 1-10piece/celly sexual conjugation, they are genetically determined by sex factors or conjugative plasmids and are required for bacterial mating Receptors of some bacterial viruses

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs at cell membrane since there are no mitochondria) Cell wall Cytoplasm Cell membrane The cell wall is outside of cell membrane -rigid, protecting cell from osmotic lysis

《微生物生物学》课程参考文献：《微生物教程》书籍PDF电子版（编著：周德庆）

《微生物生物学》课程参考文献：《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》伯杰氏手册书籍PDF电子版（第八版）

Isolation of pure cultures the growth curve Measurement of microbial growth The continuous culture of microorganisms

《微生物生物学》课程教学资源（书籍文献）World of Microbiology and Immunology，Brigham Narins, Editor，Volumes 1 and 2 A-Z

《微生物生物学》课程教学资源（书籍文献）Microbial Physiology，Fourth Edition，Albert G. Moat、John W. Foster、Michael P. Spector

《微生物生物学》课程教学资源（书籍文献）Mcgrawhill - Laboratory Exercises In Microbiology，fifth edition，Harley Prescott

《微生物生物学》课程教学资源（书籍文献）Biosafety In Microbiology And Biomedical Laboratory，Fourth Edition April，999

《微生物生物学》课程教学资源（书籍文献）Atkinson, Wolf - Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine Preventable Diseases 9th Ed