1. 掌握脑死亡的概念及意义 2. 了解病理生理学的研究对象及意义 3. 了解疾病研究的一般方法

I Signal Transmission Through the Neuromuscular Junction II Microstructure of Skeletal Muscle Begin cycle with myosin already bound to actin IV Factors that Affect the Efficiency of Muscle Contraction

§8-1 植物生长的细胞学基础 §8-2 种子生理 §8-3 植物生长的基本特性 §8-4 影响植物生长的环境条件 §8-5 植物的光形态建成 §8-6 植物的运动

1人体生理学的任务是阐明人体 A细胞的生命现象B器官的功能活动C与环境的相互关系E正常的生命活动及其规律 2人体生命活动最基本的特征是 A物质代谢B新陈代谢C适应性D应激性E自控调节

通过本章的学习，掌握心脏泵血过程与机制、心脏泵血功能的评价及调节、影响心输出量的因素、心肌的生物电现象及其生理特性、植物神经对心肌生物电活动和收缩功能的影响、各类血管的功能特点、动脉血压的形成及其影响因素、心血管活动的调节、冠脉循环的特点等

Section 1 Characteristics of Renal Structure and Function Section 2 Function of Glomerular Filtration Section 3 Reabsorption and Secretion Concept of Reabsorption and Secretion Section 4. Urine Concentration and Dilution

I. Membrane Resting Potential II Action Potential III Initiation of Action Potential Electrophysiological Method to Record Membrane Potential I Voltage Clamp IV Local Response V Excitation and Excitability of the Tissue

I Review Structure of the Cell Membrane II Transport Through the Cell Membrane Tetrodotoxin (TTX) selectively block the voltage-gated Na+ channel ➢ Simple diffusion ➢ Ion channel ➢ Water channel Water transportation through the membrane 3 Active transport 4. Bulk Transport (Endocytosis and Excytosis)

➢According to the structure: Striated Muscle, Smooth Muscle ➢According to the nerve innervation: Voluntary Muscle, Involuntary Muscle ➢According to the Function: Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Contraction, Smooth Muscle

利尿药是一类能促进尿量增多，用于消除水肿的药物。肾脏是尿的形成和排泄器 官，其生理学功能主要是通过肾小球滤过、肾小管重吸收以及肾小管分泌的功能而实现 调节机体水盐代谢及酸碱平衡过程。 各种原因的水肿均可直接或间接影响肾脏的生理学功能，导致水盐潴留、细胞间液 增多，产生水肿