Difficult Person Hostile-aggressie Bullies, cverwhelms, and intimidates cthers nd up to the hostile ade frot atoers-can t accept feedback on t rush into the worst thing that coul happen?)

Can programming language influence correctness? anguages affect the way we think about problems The tools we use have a profound(and devious) influence on our thinking habits, and, therefore on our thinking abilities?

Fairly primitive and predictive power limited Function Points Count number of inputs and output, user interactions, external interfaces files used Assess each for complexity and multiply by a weighting factor Used to predict size or cost and to assess project productivity

A Testing EXercise (From Glenford Myers: The Art of Software Testing A program reads three integer values from a card. The three values are interpreted as representing the lengths of the sides of a triangle. The program prints a message that states whether the triangle is scalene iso

State Machine specifications Define behavior using states and transitions between states

design: added inheritance, multiple inheritance, and polymorphism to ADT In process added complexity and increased some types of connectivity Lots of claimed advantages -- so far empirical evaluation is not supporting them well

Requirements specification: A structured document that sets out the services the system is expected to provide Should be precise so that it can act as a contract between the system procurer and software developer and thus needs to be understandable by procurers and developers

Too complex for complete analysis Separation into non-interacting subsystems distorts the results The most important properties are emergent Too organized for statistics Too much underlying structure that distorts the statistics Organized Complexity\(Weinberg) Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept 1999

关于软件工程的补充知识 软件危机 硬件性能提高,价格则下降,应用领域迅速扩大; 要求计算机做的事越来越多,也越来越复杂; 这使计算机软件的功能、规模及复杂性与日俱增。 软件的复杂性达到了它的开发者难以控制的程度

本章首先简单概括了GIS应用项目,提出了GIS应用的三元划分,然后介 绍了几种GIS应用的建立途径以及项目周期在项目开始之前,需要进行策略性 规划和实施规划,如果要进行项目承包,则要签订合同在GIS项目进行过程中, 要进行人员管理,数据管理以及质量控制,本章根据GIS具体技术特点,提出了 相应的建议。在最后,介绍了软件研制和开发的质量控制的两个标准,ISO9000系 列标准和CMM模型,作为项目开发机构的指导。 本章和地理信息系统软件工程技术一章讲述的内容是互相依赖的,后者重点在于技 术,而本章则侧重于组织和管理,往往组织管理对项目成败的影响比所采用的技术 更大