Introduction Are people unaffected by tax increase if they pay zero in taxes afterwards? No, consumption may have changed in response to the tax increase Bundle consumed is less desirable Excess burden is a loss of welfare above and beyond the tax revenues collected

Policy analysis is hard Why is it so hard to tell what's going on with government actions? Consider lowering income tax rates. Will lowering taxes increase work effort and labor supply? · Unlike the physical and natural sciences, difficult to perform carefully controlled experiments on the economy

Quick Look at Welfare Spending .\Welfare\ in the United States is a patchwork of dozens of different programs. All welfare programs are means-tested-- only individuals with sufficiently low income are eligible. Programs often have other requirements related to family structure and assets

Externality Defined An externality is present when the activity of one entity(person or firm)directly affects the welfare of another entity in a way that is outside the market mechanism. Negative externality: These activities impose damages on others. Positive externality: These activities benefits on others

Introduction This lesson will address questions related to different levels of government: How should various responsibilities be allocated to different levels of government? Is decentralized government decision making desirable? Are locally raised taxes a good way to pay for services provided locally?

博弈论是研究决策者在某种竞争下, 当成果无法由个人完全掌握,而结局须视局中人共同决策而定时,个人为了取胜应采取何种策略的一种数学理论和方法

本课程在基础理论的讲解中注意借鉴国内外最新科研成果，以经济分析为主，现实描述为辅，重在基本知识、基本理论和基本方法的介绍和分析。本课程的先导课程是政治经济学、微观经济学、宏观经济学等基础课程

一、财政补贴的概念 财政补贴是国家为实现特定的政治经济任务 和社会目标,在一定时期内向某些特定企业 和个人提供的无偿补助和津贴

我国行政主体理论对应的是一元利益框架下公共行政的需要，今天，经济转型带来了社会多元利益格局的形成，现行行政主体理论的局限性已日益凸现。改革传统的行政主体理论，建构以多元行政利益为基础的新型行政主体制度，是中国行政主体制度的发展方向，也为我国国情之所需

一、AD-AS模型的短期均衡 二、宏观经济政策与短期均衡变动 三、AD-AS模型的应用 四、AD-AS模型的长期分析