(expressed as percentages of the wheat) from a well-equipped and well-adjusted mill in the U.K. yield of the individual flour streams is also shown. Flour streams with the lowest ash yield (e.g. group 1 in Table 7.1) may be described as ‘patent’ flour. Those from the end of the milling process In the milling of cereals by the gradual reduc￾machine in the break, scratch and reduction

Storage relative difficulties involved in their avoidance vary with location. Successful storage methods Compared with many other fruits, cereal grains are extremely amenable to storage, principally as range from primitive to highly sophisticated their moisture content at harvest is relatively low The hazards besetting cereal grain storage are: and their composition is such that biodeteriora-- moisture content; tion is slow. Harvesting is seasonal but the need -excessive temperature; for fresh cereal products is continuous. The least Anicrobial infestation; requirement for storage, therefore, is for the -insect and arachnid infestation;

Cereals are the fruits of cultivated grasses, members of the monocotyledonous family Gramineae. The principal cereal crops are wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, maize, sorghum and the millets. Cereals have been important crops for thou￾sands of years; indeed, the successful production, storage and use of cereals has contributed in no small measure to the development of modern civilization

第一节 食品原料的特性 第二节 食品新资源 第三节 食品加工用的其他材料

一、焙烤食品的概念 焙烤食品是指以谷物为主原料,采用焙烤加工工艺定型和熟制的一大类食品。 二、焙烤食品的历史和现状 我国焙烤食品的加工,近年不管是从加工工艺方面或是品种方面都有了较大的发展,特别是面包、饼干

多年以来,科学家们发现谷物、蔬菜、水 果、豆类等植物可减少某些慢性常见疾病,如 ) 肿瘤、心肝病、中风、糖尿病与高血压发病的 危险性,部分原因是由于植物中维生素、微量 元素及酶的抗氧化和清除自由基的作用,还有 一部分原因是由于植物中所含的尚未完全研究 清楚的物质,这些物质有促进健康的作用。我 们称之为植物化学素(Phytochemicals)

第一节 食品中的碳水化合物 ◼ 存在于所有的谷物、蔬菜、水果及可食植物中 ◼ 提供膳食热量 ◼ 提供质构、口感和甜味 ◼ 表达式Cx(H2O)y ◼ 包括单糖、低聚糖以及多糖 ◼ 最丰富的碳水化合物是纤维素 第二节 单糖 第三节 低聚糖 第四节 多糖 ◼ 超过20个单糖的聚合物为多糖 ◼ 单糖的个数称为聚合度（DP） ◼ 大多数多糖的DP为200-3000 ◼ 纤维素的DP最大，达7000-15000 ◼ 直链多糖，支链多糖 ◼ 均匀多糖，非均匀多糖（杂多糖） 第五节 淀粉 ◼ 不溶于水，冷水中少量水合 ◼ 低粘度浆料烧煮时，增稠 ◼ 直链淀粉和支链淀粉 ◼ 营养功能 ◼ 商业淀粉在食品工业中的应用 第六节 纤维素 第七节 果胶