南方医科大学：《生物化学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第三章 基因重组与基因工程 Genetic Recombination & Genetic Engineering

一、遗传与变异的基本概念 二、遗传的物质基础 三、遗传信息的表达——基因表达 四、微生物的基因突变 五、基因重组 六、遗传工程（Genetic engineering） 七、基因工程（Genetic engineering） 八、微生物的驯化——活性污泥驯化 九、核酸探针杂交和PCR技术在环境保护中的应用

第一节 自然界的基因转移和重组 第二节 重组DNA技术 第三节 聚合酶链反应

8.1 Mutations and Mutants 8.2 Genetic Recombination 8.3 Genetic Transformation 8.4 Transduction 8.5 Conjugation 8.6 Plasmids 8.7 Transposons and Insertion Sequences 8.8 Comparative Prokaryotic Genomics

第一节 DNA的重组 DNA Recombination 第二节 重组DNA技术 DNA Recombination Technique

Part Ⅰ Introductory Topics 1 Introduction 2 Crop Germplasm 3 Reproductive System 4 Male Sterility 5 Self-incompatibility 6 Techniques of Artificial Hybridization 7 Genetic Basis of Plant Breeding 8 Selection 9 Interspecific and Intergenertic Hybridization 10 Plant variety protection Part Ⅱ Methods of Conventional Breeding 11 Pure-Line Selection 12 Mass Selection 13 Pedigree Method 14 Bulk-population Method 15 Backcross Method 16 Recurrent Selection 17 Mutation Breeding 18 Polyploid Breeding 19 Disease Resistance Breeding 20 Insect Resistance Breeding 21 Drought Resistance and Salt Tolerance Part Ⅲ : In vitro plant breeding 22 Introduction 23 Micropropagation 24 Haploid Plant Production In Vitro 25 In Vitro Pollination and Fertilization 26 Somatic Hybridization Using Protoplast Technology 27 Cell Culture and Selection of Desirable Traits 28 Genetic Engineering 29 Molecular Plant Breeding

10.6 Genetic recombination遗传重组 10.7 Transformation 10.8 Transduction 转导 10.9 Conjugation: Essential Features 10.10 The Formation of Hfr Strains and Chromosome Mobilization 10.11 Mobile DNA: Transposable Elements转座因子

◼ All DNA is recombinant DNA. ◼ Genetic exchange works constantly to blend and rearrange chromosomes, most obviously during meiosis, when homologous chromosomes pair prior to the first nuclear division. ◼ During this pairing, genetic exchange between the chromosomes occurs. This exchange, classically termed crossing over, is one of the results of homologous recombination

INTRODUCTION Understanding how the genetic processes of the cell work requires powerful,and complementary experimental approaches including the use of suitable model organisms in which the tools of genetic analysis are available

Medical Genetics What is a population from a genetic perspective? A population in the genetic sense, is not just a group of individuals, but a breeding group