What are heuristics The Origin and Analogy of Simulated Annealing The Simulated Annealing algorithm An Example: The Terrestrial Planet Finder Mission Sample results Ways to Tailor the simulated Algorithm Summary References O Massachusetts Institute of Technology- Dr. Cyrus D Jilla& Prof. Olivier de Weck ngineering Systems Division and Dept of Aeronautics Astronautics

Lean is a New Approach to Managing Enterprises Origin and evolution of lean concepts Core lean principles& practices How lean differs from craft and mass production models of industrial organization

Gene mutation and evolution Gradual accumulation of mutations over long periods of time results in new biological species, each with a unique DNA sequence. Mutations and stabilization of mutations to new species. Charles Darwin: Unifying evolution theory-the origin of species from a common ancestor

ipids differ from the other classes of naturally occurring biomolecules (carbohy- drates, proteins, and nucleic acids)in that they are more soluble in non-to-weakly polar solvents(diethyl ether, hexane, dichloromethathan they are in water.they include a variety of structural types, a collection of which is introduced in this chapter. In spite of the number of different structural types, lipids share a common biosyn- thetic origin in that they are ultimately derived from glucose. During one stage of car- bohydrate metabolism, called glycolysis, glucose is converted to lactic acid. Pyruvic acid is an intermediate

I. Choose the Correct Answer 1. A particle moves with position given by r ti j = 3 ˆ + 4 ˆ v , where r v is measured in meters when t is measured in seconds. For each of the following, consider only t > 0. The magnitude of the angular momentum of this particle about the origin is （ B ）

Routing Must choose routes for various origin destination pairs (O/D pairs) or for various sessions – Datagram routing: route chosen on a packet by packet basis Using datagram routing is an easy way to split paths – Virtual circuit routing: route chosen a session by session basis

4.1 Introduction Minerals are the inorganic elements, other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, which remain behind in the ash when food is incinerated. They are usually divided into two groups – macrominerals and microminerals (or trace elements). The terms are historical in origin and originated at a time when the development of analytical equipment was still in its infancy and ‘trace’ was used to refer to components whose presence could be detected, but not quantified. Modern analytical equipment that allows determination of elements

Lipids are compounds of biological origin that dissolve in nonopoler solvents. Lipids are defined by the physical operation that we use to isolate them

将医学或医疗行为作为一个系统，对其在不同社会、文化、政治及经济条件下所产生的面貌和情况进行考察； 使未来的医疗人员 — 了解本行业在历史中的发展轨迹和趋势； — 更明确自己专业的角色定位； — 更清楚自己所面临的挑战、机遇和发展环境； — 对医学与社会的文化风貌发展的关系保持敏感的反省能力；

医学发展史 古罗马医学 古代东方医学 近代实验医学 中世纪欧洲医学 现代医学 原始医学 古希腊医学 20世纪 人类起源 公元前500年 公元前1世纪 公元4世纪 15世纪 19世纪