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1. Surgery 2. Radiotherapy 3. Chemotherapy 4. Endocrine therapy 5. Immunotherapy 6. Biological therapy

第一节 外科学的范畴 第二节 外科学的发展 第三节 这样学好外科

复旦大学：《循证医学》课程教学资源（文献资料）比较效果研究_2013-Annals of Internal Med-Comparative Effectiveness of Multivessel Coronary Bypass Surgery

复旦大学：《涉外护理英语情境对话 Professional English for Nurses：Scene Dialogue》教学资源_情境模拟：Chapter 5 Unit 1 Dialogue 3 Getting Ready for Surgery

Preventing the loss of vitamins and nutrients in foods is a paramount concern at all stages of food processing involving heating. One example of the critical need for retaining vitamins is to nourish hospital patients who require vitamins to recover from the stress of illness or surgery.1 This issue has invoked recent studies

外科学(surgery): 是研究外科疾病的发生发展规律、 诊断、预防和治疗的一门重要临 床医学学科