第一节 微生物的营养要求 一、微生物细胞的化学组成 二、营养物质及其生理功能 三、微生物的营养类型 第二节 培养基 一、选用和设计培养基的原则和方法 二、培养基的类型及应用 第三节 营养物质进入细胞 一、扩散(diffusion) 二、促进扩散(facilitated diffusion) 三、主动运输(active transport) 四、膜泡运输(memberane vesicle transport)

第一节 微生物的分离和纯培养 一、无菌技术Aseptic technique 二、用固体培养基分离纯培养 三、用液体培养基分离纯培养 四、单细胞（孢子）分离 五、选择培养分离 六、二元培养物 第二节 显微镜和显微技术 第三节 显微镜下的微生物

II. Viral Replication病毒复制 9.4 General Features of Virus Replication 9.5 Virus Multiplication: Attachment and Penetration 9.6 Virus Multiplication: Production of Virual Nucleic Acid and Protein 9.7 Virus Multiplications: Assembly and release of virus III. Viral Diversity 9.8 Overview of Bacterial Viruses 9.9 Virulent Bacteriophages and T4 9.10 Temperate Bacteriophages and Bacteriophage: Lambda

8.10 Signal transduction and two-component regulatory system VI. Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in gene expression V. RNA-Based Regulation 8.11 RNA Regulation and Antisense RNA 8.12 Riboswitches 8.13 Attenuation 弱化作用

I. Overview of Regulation 8.1 Major modes of regulation II. Regulation of Enzyme Activity (Posttranslational level regulation) 8.2 Noncovalent enzyme inhibition 酶活的非共价抑制 8.3 Covalent Modification of Enzyme 酶的共价修饰 III. DNA-Binding Proteins and Regulation of Transcription by Negative and Positive Control (Transcriptional level regulation) 转录水平调控

I. Genes and Gene Experession 7.1 Macromolecules and Genetic Information II. DNA STRUCTURE 7.2 DNA Structure: The Double Helix 双螺旋 7.3 DNA Structure: Supercoiling 超螺旋结构

I. Physical Antimicrobial Control 6.1 Heat Sterilization 6.2 Radiation Sterilization 6.3 Filter Sterilization II. Chemical Antimicrobial Control Antiseptics防腐剂 Disinfectants消毒剂 Sterilants杀菌剂 6.4 Chemical Growth Control 6.4.1 Effect of antimicrobial agents on growth 6.4.2 Measuring antimcirobial activity 6.5 Chemical antimicrobial agents for external use

5.7 Direct measurements of microbial growth: total and viable counts 5.8 Indirect Measurements : Turbidity 浊度 5.9 Continuous culture: the chemostat 连续培养:恒化器

18.10 Fungi 真菌 18.10.1 Fungal Physiology, Structure, and Symbioses 18.10.2 Fungal Reproduction and Phylogeny Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 18.10.3 Filamentous Fungi: Molds 18.10.4 Macroscopic Fungi: Mushrooms大型真菌:蘑菇 18.10.5 Unicellular 18.11 Algae 藻类 Fungi: Yeasts

I. The Phylogeny of Bacteria • 17.1 Phylogenetic Overview of Bacteria II. Phototrophic, Chemolithotrophic, and Methanotrophic Proteobacteria • 17.2 Purple Phototrophic Bacteria • 17.3 The Nitrifying Bacteria • 17.4 Sulfur- and Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria • 17.5 Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacteria • 17.6 Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs III. Aerobic and Facultatively Aerobic Chemoorganotrophic Proteobacteria • 17.7 Pseudomonas and the Pseudomonads • 17.8 Acetic Acid Bacteria • 17.9 Free-Living Aerobic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria • 17.10 Neisseria, Chromobacterium, and Relatives • 17.11 Enteric Bacteria • 17.12 Vibrio, Aliivibrio, and Photobacterium • 17.13 Rickettsias V. Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria • 17.17 Myxobacteria • 17.18 Sulfate- and Sulfur-Reducing Proteobacteria • 17.19 The Epsilonproteobacteria