(一) 手性和对称性 (二) 具有一个手性中心的对映异构 (三) 构型和命名法 (四) 具有两个手性中心的对映异构 (五) 手性中心的产生 (六) 手性合成(自学) (七) 外消旋体拆分(自学) (八) 不含手性中心化合物的对映异构 (九) 对映异构在研究反应机理中的应用

(一) 脂环烃的分类 (二) 脂环烃的命名 (三) 脂环烃的性质 (四) 环烷烃的结构与稳定性 (五) 环己烷及其衍生物的构象 (六) 脂环化合物的立体异构 (七) 脂环烃的主要来源和制法 (八) 环戊二烯 (九) 萜类和甾族化合物

Absolute configuration(Section 7.5): The three-dimensional Activating substituent (Sections 12.10 and 12.12): A group rrangement of atoms or groups at a stereogenic center. that when present in place of a hydrogen causes a particular Acetal(Section 17.8): Product of the reaction of an aldehyde or reaction to occur faster. Term is most often applied to a ketone with two moles of an alcohol according to the substituents that increase the rate of electrophilic aromatic

CHAPTER 1 Structure and Properties of Organic Compounds 1 CHAPTER 2 Bonding and Molecular Structure 13 CHAPTER 3 Chemical Reactivity and Organic Reactions 31 CHAPTER 4 Alkanes 50 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry 69 CHAPTER 6 Alkenes 87 CHAPTER 7 Alkyl Halides 118 CHAPTER 8 Alkynes and Dienes 140 CHAPTER 9 Cyclic Hydrocarbons 162 CHAPTER 10 Benzene and Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds 189 CHAPTER 11 Aromatic Substitution;Arenes 205 CHAPTER 12 Spectroscopy and Structure 230 CHAPTER 13 Alcohols and Thiols 256 CHAPTER 14 Ethers, Epoxides, Glycols, and Thioethers 278 CHAPTER 15 Carbonyl Compounds:Aldehydes and Ketones 302 CHAPTER 16 Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives 331 CHAPTER 17 Carbanion-Enolates and Enols 373 CHAPTER 18 Amines 400 CHAPTER 19 Phenolic Compounds 430 CHAPTER 20 Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds 448

1 Atomic Orbital Theory 1 2 Bonds Between Adjacent Atoms: Localized Bonding, Molecular Orbital Theory 25 3 Delocalized (Multicenter) Bonding 54 4 Symmetry Operations, Symmetry Elements, and Applications 83 5 Classes of Hydrocarbons 110 6 Functional Groups: Classes of Organic Compounds 139 7 Molecular Structure Isomers, Stereochemistry, and Conformational Analysis 221 8 Synthetic Polymers 291 9 Organometallic Chemistry 343 10 Separation Techniques and Physical Properties 387 11 Fossil Fuels and Their Chemical Utilization 419 12 Thermodynamics, Acids and Bases, and Kinetics 450 13 Reactive Intermediates (Ions, Radicals, Radical Ions, Electron-Deficient Species, Arynes) 505 14 Types of Organic Reaction Mechanisms 535 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 591 16 Vibrational and Rotational Spectroscopy: Infrared, Microwave, and Raman Spectra 657 17 Mass Spectrometry 703 18 Electronic Spectroscopy and Photochemistry 725

ipids differ from the other classes of naturally occurring biomolecules (carbohy- drates, proteins, and nucleic acids)in that they are more soluble in non-to-weakly polar solvents(diethyl ether, hexane, dichloromethathan they are in water.they include a variety of structural types, a collection of which is introduced in this chapter. In spite of the number of different structural types, lipids share a common biosyn- thetic origin in that they are ultimately derived from glucose. During one stage of car- bohydrate metabolism, called glycolysis, glucose is converted to lactic acid. Pyruvic acid is an intermediate

henols are compounds that have a hydroxyl group bonded directly to benzene or benzenoid ring. The parent compound of this group, C6H,OH, called simply phe- nol, is an important industrial chemical. Many of the properties of phenols are anal- ogous to those of alcohols, but this similarity is something of an oversimplification.Like arylamine

1、醇的分类和命名;醇的结构和化学性质。 2、酚与醇的区别、酚的化学性质。 3、醚的分类和命名;醚的化学性质;环氧乙烷的性质

itrogen-containing compounds are essential to life. Their ultimate source is atmo- spheric nitrogen which, by a process known as nitroge. nitrogen fixation, is reduce ced to ammonia, then converted to organic nitrogen compounds. This chapter describes the chemistry of amines, organic derivatives of ammonia. Alkylamines have their nitro- gen attached to sp'-hybridized carbon; arylamines have their nitrogen attached to an sp2-hybridized carbon of a benzene or benzene-like ring

醇、酚、醚都是烃的含氧衍生物，从结构上可以将它们看作是水的烃基衍生物。 第一节醇 第二节酚 第三节醚