Mycoplasmas a group of the smallest organisms that can be free living in nature, Pass bacterial filter and also grow on laboratory media. More than 80 species, belong to Mycoplasmatales of mollicute. 3 families can be divided:

Spirochetes Gram negative Long, thin, helical, motile axial filaments locomotion between peptidoglycan layer/outer membrane runs parallel

What does a pathogen have to do? Infect (infest) a host Reproduce(replicate) itself Ensure that its progeny are transmitted to another host

Categories of Respiratory Viruses Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza virus Paramyxoviridae: Parainfluenza virus, Mumps virus; Measles, Respiratory syneytical virus Togaviridae: Rubella virus Coronaviridae: corona irus, sars virus Adenoviridae: human Adenovirus picornaviridae: Rhino virus;

Viral gastroenteritis It is thought that viruses are responsible for up to 3/4 of all infective diarrhoeas Viral gastroenteritis is the second most common viral illness after upper respiratory tract infection

Live difficult diagnosis clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal impression(antibodies only appear very late) Dead- brain sent to Onderstepoort Negri bodies in cytoplasm of brain cells; immunofluorescence virus isolation

Human cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr- virus Herpes simplex virus Yellow fever virus Rubella

Hemorrhogic Fever Virus Hantaar Virus or HEMORRHAGIC FEVER with renal syndrome virus HFRS Xing Jiang Hemorrhogic Fever Virus Dept. of microbiology and parasitology

Properties of herpesviruses Enveloped double stranded DNA viruses. Genome consisits of long and short fragments which may be orientated in either direction, giving a total of 4 isomers

一、概论 二、生物防治 三、害虫防治历史及现状 四、理论基础 五、天敌昆虫的应用 六、微生物农药的应用 七、杂草生物防治