安徽医科大学：《组织学与胚胎学》课程教学资源（授课教案，打印版）绪论、人胚发生和早期发育、颜面和四肢的发生、消化系统和呼吸系统的发生、泌尿系统和生殖系统的发生、心血管系统发生

 重点：心壁的结构 血管壁（动脉）的结构与功能 毛细血管的分类  难点：动脉的结构与功能的关系 三种毛细血管的电镜结构

1.General feature: (1) contain more cells and less extracellular ground substance (2) Polarisaton: ---free outer surface: face air or other things ---basal surface: face underlying CT, havebasement membrane (3) Avascularity,but innervation: ---no blood vessels ---rich in nerve terminals

一、肝、胆、胰的发生 (一)肝与胆的发生 肝憩室:前肠末端腹侧壁内胚层细胞增生 头支:肝细胞索→肝板、肝内胆管上皮 尾支:柄→胆囊管

人体内最大的器官。由表皮和真皮构成。参与保护,感觉和体温调节等功能。 1.表皮(Epidemis):角化的复层扁平上皮,由2类细胞构成 A.角化细胞(Keratinocyte):分5层排列,参与皮肤的角化。角化须2~4周完成

(1) extra-embryonic blood vessels ---blood island: at the middle of 3 rd week, wall of the yolk sac mesenchyma proliferate and form isolated cell clusters, the peripheral cell become flattened and differentiate into endothelial cell to from endothelial tube; central located cells are detached and develop into primitive blood cells(blood stem cell)

digestive and respiratory system derived from primitive gut /foregut /midgut /hindgut ---epi. of digestive and respiratory system derived from endoderm ---CT and MT of digestive and respiratory system derived from splanchnic or visceral mesoderm

1. General features: （1) small number of cells and large amount of extracellular ground substance （2) extracellular is composed of fibers and amorphous ground substance-matrix （3) all of them originate from mesenchyme￾embryonal CT （4) have functions of connection, supporting, protecting, nutrition, defence and repairing

1.眼(Eye):高度特化的视觉感受器。 A.眼球壁:3层。 1.纤维膜(Fibrous membrane):最外层。a.角膜(Cornea):占据前1/6,无色透明,无血管。富含神经末梢。分5层

1、肾脏与输尿管的发生 前肾 中肾 后肾:起源于输尿管芽和生后肾原基 输尿管芽向后上方引伸→输尿管 末端膨大肾盂、肾大盏、肾小盏、集合小管 生后肾原基:细胞团→中空泡状→S形小管→肾小管