---a science which study the processes and regulations of development of human fetus.(from 1 cell(zygote) to (5-7)X1012 cells ) ---total 38 weeks: preembryonic period: before 2 weeks

一、植物细胞的基本结构 二、植物细胞的生长发育与分化 三、植物的组织与组织系统

1. General description (1) components: ---cell: muscle fiber-myofiber elongated thread-liked Sarcolemma Sarcoplasm sarcoplasmic reticulum: SER

一、细胞生物学研究的内容 细胞生物学Cell Biology 细胞生物学是研究细胞基本生命活动规律的科学。现代细胞生物学从显微，亚显微和分子水平等不同层次研究细胞的结构、功能及生命活动。核心问题是将遗传与发育在细胞水平上结合起来

一、细胞生物学研究的内容和现状 二、细胞生物学是现代生命科学的重要基础学科 三、细胞生物学的主要研究内容 四、当前细胞生物学研究的总趋势与重点领域 五、细胞重大生命活动的相互关系

一、名词解释 1.-s细胞(Reed-Sternberg cell) 答案:①一种体积大的双核关或多核关瘤巨细胞;②瘤细胞胞质丰富;③细胞核呈双 叶或多叶状,状似双核或多核细胞;④大嗜酸性核仁,周围有空晕

General introduction Ion channels G-protein coupled receptors Second messengers Tyrosine kinase receptors From plasma membrane to the nucleus: Regulation of gene expression Cytokine signaling Cell cycle Apoptosis

Figure 2 in Muratani M, Tansey WP. \How the ubiquitin-proteasome system controls transcription.\ Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Mar; 4(3): 192-201. Regulation of TCR by ubiquitylation of RNA polymerase II. Transcription-coupled repair (TCR)is the mechanism through which mutations in actively transcribed genes are preferentially repaired. a Elongating RNA polymerase II (pol II)

biologically active model of ECM acts as an insoluble regulator of cell function image removed due to copyright considerations

The Extracellular Matrices Part. 2. Elastin fibers. 3. Proteoglycans(PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG). 4. Cell-adhesion molecules (CAM)