Structure Market supply Short-run supply and equilibrium Long-run supply and equilibrium Long-run implications for taxation Fixed inputs and economic rent (经济租金)

Structure Non-collusive moves – Simultaneous moves Quantity competition –Cournot model Price competition – Bertrand model – Sequential moves Quantity leadership – Stakelberg model Price leadership Collusion

Structure Definition When to provide a public good – Efficient provision – Private provision: free-riding Variable quantities of public good – Efficient amount – Free-riding problem How to provide public goods? Demand revelation

Structure Rational constrained choice Computing ordinary demands – Interior solution （内在解） –Corner solution （角点解） – “Kinky” solution Example: Choosing taxes

Structure Economic profit Short-run profit maximization –Comparative statics Long-run profit maximization Profit maximization and returns to scale Revealed profit maximization

Structure From Individual to Market DemandFunctions Elasticities Revenue and own-price elasticity ofdemand Marginal revenue and price elasticity

Structure Market equilibrium Quantity tax and equilibrium Tax incidence （税收分担） Deadweight loss （额外净损失）

Structure Present and future values Intertemporal budget constraint Preferences for intertemporal consumption Intertemporal choice Comparative statics Valuing securities

一个程序应包括: 对数据的描述。在程序中要指定数据的类型和数据的组织形式,即数据结构(data structure) 对操作的描述。即操作步骤,也就是算法(algorithm) Nikiklaus Wirth提出的公式:

软件介绍 动力分析 ▪ Dynamic Option 桩-土相互作用分析 ▪ Interface 隧道分析 ▪ Structure Element 流固耦合分析 ▪ Fluid-Mechanical Interaction 学习方法及经验介绍