is a vector equation that relates the magnitude and direction of the force vector, to the magnitude and direction of the acceleration vector. In the previous lecture we derived expressions for the acceleration vector expressed in cartesian coordinates. This expressions can now be used in Newton's second law, to produce the equations of motion expressed in cartesian coordinates
In this lecture we will look at some other common systems of coordinates. We will present polar coordinates in two dimensions and cylindrical and spherical coordinates in three dimensions. We shall see that these systems are particularly useful for certain classes of problems Like in the case of intrinsic coordinates presented in the previous lecture, the reference frame changes from point to point. However, for the coordinate systems to be presented below, the reference frame depends only on the position of the particle. This is in contrast with the intrinsic coordinates, where the reference frame is a function of the position, as well as the path
Surface quality is another aspect of machining accuracy. It consists of the surface finish and the physic mechanical state of the surface layer. It affects the proper functioning and service life of the parts Surface Finish Machining accuracy is expressed quantitatively in machining error. Surface finish is expressed quantitatively in surface roughness. The surface roughness on a machined workpiece surface is caused primarily by the geometrical factors(cutting tool geometry and cutting
