Treatment methods in which the application of physical forces predominate are known as physical unit operations. Examples of physical unit operations include screening, mixing, sedimentation, gas transfer, filtration, and adsorption. Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of constituents is brought about by the addition

Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes and air emissions. The liquid waste-wastewater is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been used in a variety of applications. From the standpoint of sources of generation, wastewater may be defined as a combination of the liquid or water-carried wastes removed from residences. institutions and commercial and industrial establishments together with such groundwater

Operations used for the treatment of wastewater in which change is brought about by means of or through the application of physical forces are known as physical unit operations. Because physical unit operations were derived originally from observations of the physical world. they were the first treatment methods to be used. Today, physical unit operations, as shown on Fig. 5-1, are a major part of most wastewater

The constituents of concern found in wastewater are removed by physical, chemical, and biological methods. The individual methods usually are classified as physical unit operations, chemical unit processes, and biological unit ds in which the application of physical forces ohysical unit operations include pr T3clarifiers

一、固体废物的定义 固体废物（solid wastes）亦称废物，是指人类在生产、加工、流通、消费以及生活等过 程中提取所需目的成分之后，所丢弃的固态或泥浆状的物质。 随着人类社会文明的发展，人们在索取和利用自然资源从事生产和生活活动时，由于客观 条件的限制，总要把其中的一部分作为废物丢弃。另外，由于各种产品本身也有其使用寿命， 超过了寿命期限，也会成为废物

Determining wastewater flowrates and constituent mass loadings is a fundamental step in initiating the conceptual process design of wastewater treatment facilities. Reliable data for existing and projected flowrates affect the hydraulic characteristics, sizing, and operational considerations of the treatment system components. Constituent mass loading, the product of constituent concentration and flowrate

An understanding of the nature of wastewater is essential in the design and operation of collection, treatment, and reuse facilities, and in the engineering management of environmental quality. To promote this understanding, the information in this chapter is presented in eight sections dealing with (1)an introduction to the constituents found in wastewater, (2)sampling and analytical procedures, (3) physical characteristics, (4)inorganic nonmetallic constituents, (5) metallic constituents

大气污染物主要来源于工业废气的排放，可以采用各种方法控制和治理废气。按废气来源分 类可分为工艺生产尾气治理方法、燃料燃烧废气治理方法、汽车尾气治理方法等；按废气中污染 物的物理形态可分为颗粒污染物治理(除尘)方法和气态污染物治理方法

声音（包括噪声）的形成，必须具备三个要素，首先要有产生振动的物体，即声源，其次要 有能够传播声波的媒介，最后还要有声的接受器，如人耳、传声器等

7-1 Introduction to the Activated-Sludge Process Historical Development The activated-sludge p now used routinely for biological treatment of municipal and industrial dge process date back to the early 1880s to the work of stewater in tanks and the hastening of the oxidation quently by a number of investigators, ility could be secured by e Experiment Station