Noise is additional\unwanted \signal that interferes with the transmitted signal Generated by electronic devices The noise is a random process Each\sample \ of n(tis a random variable Typically, the noise process is modeled as\Additive White Gaussian noise”(AWGN) White: Flat frequency spectrur Gaussian noise distribution

Sampling Sampling provides a discrete-time representation of a continuous waveform Sample points are real-valued numbers In order to transmit over a digital system we must first convert into discrete valued numbers

Objectives Review the format and expectations for the final exam Review material needed to succeed on the final exam Set the material from the course in the context of the product realization process Answer questions

Learning objectives Introduce explore orthogonality Study the standard oas Practice computing dOF of an experiment Learn how to select a standard oa Introduce means to modify Oas Consider studying interactions in Oas Robust System Design

Background SDM split-summer format M Heavily front-loaded Systems perspective Concern with scaling Product development track, CIPD Place in wider context of product realization Joint 16(Aero/Astro)and 2(Mech E) Robust system design

I. Structure(15 minutes) Section a单词和语法选择 Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A, B), C, D). Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center

Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and d),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through

Directions: In this section you will hear ten short conversations At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through

Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and d),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the

Part Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center