Introduction One of the merits of the notion of sequential equilibrium is the emphasis on out-of- equilibrium beliefs-that is, on beliefs (about past and future play)at information sets that should not be reached if given equilibrium is played. The key insight of extensive-form analysis is that out-of-equilibrium beliefs deter

Introduction: Invariance In their seminal contribution, Von Neumann and Morgenstern argue that the normal form of a game contains all\strategically relevant\information. This view, note well, does not invalidate or trivialize extensive-form analysis; rather, it leads those who embrace it to be uspicious of extensive-form solution concepts which yield different predictions in distinct

Player i is rational\;R=nieN Ri. Also, Bi(E) is the event \Player i is certain that E is true\ and B(E)=neN Bi(E). This is as in Lecture 7. Let me introduce the following notation for iterated mutual certainty: B()(E)=E B()(E)=B(B-I)(E)). Then the definition of Bk in Lecture 7 can be rewritten as Bk

1 Fundamentals of Control Theory N. Wiener: Control theory in engineering, whether it is Concerned with Man, animal or machine, can only be regarded as a part of the theory of information [(G) Controller

Entropic elasticity Image removed due to copyright considerations. See Figure 19-50 in: Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th ed. New York: Garland Publishing, 2002 Image may be viewed online at the NIH's PubMed Bookshelf

BE.410 Spring 2003-Lecture 21 Image removed due to copyright considerations Figure 1 and 2 in Evans, E and A. Yeung Cortical shell-liquid core model for passive flow of liquid-like spherical cells into micropipets Biophysical Journal 56(1): 139-49 July 1989) 和以81mh(m41m如) era rgion incid Arie /dorms a

1. What are the possible decisions that can be made with the use of financial analysis? Answer: Share investment decisions. This includes whether to invest in shares and the type of share (common, preferred). Lending decisions. This includes whether to purchase retractable preferred shares, issue mortgages, buy corporate bonds on the open market, operating line of credit

How experts make decisions in the real world Descriptive method Stress, time-pressure, dynamic conditions, ambiguous information, and ill-defined goals Heuristics may introduce bias but can be very powerful Other related research areas

The Global environment oIn the past, managers have viewed the global sector as closed Each country or market was assumed to be isolated from others Firms did not consider global competition, exports oToday's environment is very different managers need to view it as an open market Organizations buy and sell around the world Managers need to learn to compete globally Irwin/McGraw-Hill CThe McGran-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

The planning process Planning is the process used by managers to identify and select goals and courses of action for the organization The organizational plan that results from the planning process details the goals to be attained o The pattern of decisions managers take to reach these goals is the organizations strategy