系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是一种病因未 明的自身免疫性结缔组织病,临床主 要特点为患者体内产生多种致病性自 身抗体和免疫复合物,造成多系统、 多脏器的损伤。SLE常被称为自身免疫 性疾病的原型

Background of asthma Prevalence in the world: 1.6 hundred million in China:1-3 in Shenyang: 1.24 %(1999) GINA: Global Initiative for Asthma(1994) WHO/HLBI Bronchial asthmatic diagnosis guideline (1997) Chinese medical academy

Objective 1.Mastering clinical manifestation ,diagnosis and management of heart failure 2.Grasping causes,pathophysiology of heart failure 3. Understanding classification and investigation of heart failure

Concept: systemic blood pressure increased, target organ damaged (brain, heart, eye, kidney, vessel), metabolism changed 线· Essential hypertension(ET: un known cause, 95%, hypertensive disease. Secondary hypertension(ST): known cause, 1 5%

1.风湿性疾病 英: rheumatic diseases 日:宀了千性疾患 2.弥漫性结缔组织病 yi: diffuse connective tissue diseases dCtD 日:广泛性结合组织病

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

DEFINITIONS AND INCIDENCE Acute renal failure (ARF) is a syndrome characterized by rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and retention of nitrogenous waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

病因(Etiologe) Primery Glomerular Diseases (60%) Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis *Tubulointerstitial Diseases chronic pyelonephritis chronic interstitialnephritis Polycystic Kidney Disease SLE

Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD)先天性心脏病 General concept CHD occurs in approximately6-8‰ live births In China, alone 250000 children with CHD are b0r€aC1yaT 30% of cases may die within first year of life The etiology remains unsolved Secondary prevention is the strategy at this stage

One pairofchromosome 21 was seen in peripheral lymphocytes of normal person 15