45.1Introduction 45.2 Background Discussion Modeling as a Transfer Function. Some Issues Involved i

49.1 Introduction 49.2 Mechanical Characteristics Applications. Structure of Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials 49.3 Ferroelectric Materials K. F.Etzold Electrical Characteristics

55.1 Introduction 55.2 Dielectric Losses 55.3 Dielectric Breakdown 55.4 Insulation Aging R.Bartnikas 55.5 Dielectric Materials Institut de Recherche Gases. Insulating Liquids. Solid Insulating Materials

57.1 Introduction 57.2 Classification of Magnetooptic Effects David Young Faraday Rotation or Magnetic Circular Birefringence.Cotton- Rockwell Semiconductor Systemns Mouton Effect or Magnetic Linear Birefringence. Kerr Effects

59.1 Introduction 59.2 Fossil Power Plants Fuel Handling Boiler.Turbine.Generator. Electric System· Condenser Stack and Ash Handling·Cooling and Feedwater System 59.3 Nuclear Power Plants

Managing innovation is a necessary skill for senior management of all food companies producing new raw materials, new ingredients or new consumer products. Company growth and even survival depends on the introduction of successful new products into old and new markets. The dividing line between product success and failure depends on many factors, but the most important are new product qualities, skills and resources of the company, market and marketing proficiency, and an organised product development process

2.1 Introduction: the role of packaging in the food chain Packaging has a significant role in the food supply chain and it is an integral part both of the food processes and the whole food supply chain. Food packaging has to perform several tasks as well as fulfilling many demands and requirements. Traditionally, a food package makes distribution easier. It has protected food from environmental conditions, such as light, oxygen, moisture, microbes, mechanical stresses and dust. Other basic tasks have been to ensure adequate labelling for providing information e.g., to the customer, and a proper convenience to the consumer, e.g., easy opening, reclosable lids and a suitable dosing mechanism. Basic requirements are good marketing properties

5.1 Introduction Non-migratory bioactive polymers (NMBP)are a class of polymers that possess biological activity without the active components migrating from the polymer to the substrate. This concept has existed for some time (Bachler et al., 1970; Brody and Budny, 1995; Katchalski-Katzir 1993) and has been applied primarily to immobilised enzyme

9.1 Introduction Drying is probably the oldest form of preservation Wrapping things that have been dried to protect them from moisture may well have been the earliest form of packaging. Even today a lot of technological development resources are expended to find new ways to package things to keep them dry. Some of the oldest materials used to control moisture are still used today: clay, salt, minerals and plant extracts that have a greater affinity for water than the material being protected. Clay has been used for centuries; moist clay to keep things moist and dried clay to keep things dry. Likewise the importance of salt is legendary

24.1 Introduction: the problem of plastic packaging waste Polymers and plastics are typical materials of the last century and have made a tremendous growth of some hundreds of tons/year at the beginning of the 1930s to more than 150 million tons/year at the end of the 20th century with 220 million tons forecast by 2005. Western Europe will account for 19% of that amount. Today