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The immune system is a network of interacting cellular and soluble components. Its function is to distinguish entities within the body as \self\ or \nonself\ and to eliminate those that are nonself

Definition. A flow network is a directed graph G = (V, E) with two distinguished vertices: a source s and a sink t. Each edge (u, v) ∈ E has a nonnegative capacity c(u, v). If (u, v) ∉ E, then c(u, v) = 0

一、资源分配问题（resource-allocation，） 二、成本收益平衡问题（cost-benefit-trade-off，） 三、 网络配送问题（distribution-network，=） 四、混合问题（mixed Problem）－两种或三种类型的混合

§1.1 图的基本概念 §1.2 最短路问题 §1.3 树及其性质 §1.4 生成树与最小生成树 §1.5 图的中心与重心 §1.6 图的矩阵表示