Properties of Demand Functions Comparative statics analysis(比较 静态分析) of ordinary demand functions the study of how ordinary demands *(p,P2,y) and x2*(p1,P2,y) change as prices p1, P2 and income y change

Structure Present and future values Intertemporal budget constraint Preferences for intertemporal consumption Intertemporal choice Comparative statics Valuing securities

Exchange Economies (revisited) No production, only endowments,so no description of how resources are converted to consumables. General equilibrium: all markets clear simultaneously. 1st and 2nd Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics

一、1(5分)当边际产量递减时,规模报酬也一定递减

(1)每次课上教员都会布置习题。周一的作业在周四课前,周四的作业周一课前交给助教。助 教将对作业打分;不交或迟交作业将不得分。 (2)本学期在期末考试外将有两次小测验和一次期中考试。小测验和期中考试只考阶段内容 但期末考试将考全部课程内容

Structure Describing technologies Production set or technology set Production function Isoquant Marginal product Returns to scale Technical rate of substitution well- behaved technologies Long run and short run

Structure Types of cost curves Fixed, variable and total cost functions Average fixed, average variable and average cost functions Marginal cost functions Marginal and variable cost functions Marginal and average cost functions Short run and long run cost curves

Structure on -collusive- moves Simultaneous moves Quantity competition -Cournot model Price competition- Bertrand model Sequential moves Quantity leadership- Stakelberg model Price leadership Collusion

Mission of Economists Gary Becker: believe that the main purpose of economics is to understand and help to alleviate poverty\ Who are the poor? How can one help?

Structure What causes monopoly Profit-maximizing- choices of monopoly Markup pricing Taxing monopoly Inefficiency of monopoly Natural monopoly(自然垄断)