◼ 浓缩的基本特性 ◼ 浓缩方式及原理

• 核酸的凝胶电泳 • 扩增原理 • 分子杂交 • 测序

中断的基本原理 中断的实现方法 中断控制器8259A DMA控制器8237 计数器/定时器8253

Elasticity . . . … is a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions … allows us to analyze supply and demand with greater precision

In a free, unregulated market system, market forces establish equilibrium prices and exchange quantities. While equilibrium conditions may be efficient, it may be true that not everyone is satisfied

The Costs of Taxation How do taxes affect the economic well- being of market participants?

International Trade What determines whether a country imports or exports a good?

The Meaning of Competition uA perfectly competitive market has the following characteristics: u There are many buyers and sellers in the market

Monopoly While a competitive firm is a price taker, a monopoly firm is a price maker

Imperfect Competition Imperfect competition refers to those market structures that fall between perfect competition and pure monopoly