面理Foliation（劈理） 劈理及其类型 劈理的应变意义 劈理的形成机制：机械旋转//重结晶//压溶 线理 运动轴与应变轴 小型线理 大型线理

80 年代以来对于伸展构造的研究成为地球科学研究的一个热点 70 年代北美盆岭区变质核杂岩的识别与深入研究，促使 80 年代以来伸展构 造研究成为一个引人注目的课题。由于构造研究主要源于造山带，而造山带是曾 普遍认为属压缩构造体系的产物，因而长期以来忽视了对伸展构造的研究。近年 的研究表明，不仅大洋中脊和大陆边缘，而且大陆板块内部同样受到伸展，表现

Structural Geology- Introduction Introduction Structural geology is the study of deformed rocks, and rock deformation. In structural geology, we are faced with a series of natural features that we try to interpret and explain. Each of these features formed through the interplay of external forces on rock materials, and the \local \conditions at the time of deformation. To interpret structures in the natural setting we need to

Atomic Structure All natural and most synthetic substances on earth are made from the ninety naturally occurring chemical elements. An atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided while still retaining the chemical characteristics of that element (fig 3. 1). The nucleus, at the center of the atom contains one or more particles with a positive electrical charge(protons fif and usually some particles of similar mass that have no charge(neutrons