Standard Approach to Estimating Volatility (Equation 15.1 Define on as the volatility per day between day n-1 and day n, as estimated at end of day n-1 · Define, as the value of market variable at end of day i Define ui= In(S /Si-1)
Codes in binary system BCD codes: for decimal digit Gray code: for numbers in binary system; AsCIi code: for characters ey point Use n bits. we can make 2n different words: To make n code-words. you must use logn bits
