环境管理 运用经济、法律、技术、行政、教育等手段, 限制人类损害环境质量的行为。 环境管理不是管理自然环境本身,而是管理人 的社会行为

• 可持续发展 – 定义与背景 – 内涵与原则 • 可持续发展能力建设 – 能力建设与保障体系 • 城市与城市可持续发展 – 城市的特点 – 城市可持续发展的定义 • 城市环境和可持续发展指标 –案例 –城市指标的发展现状评析 –经济指标的考核—GDP？？ • 城市生态可持续发展 –特点与基本原则 –实现途径

一、账簿的概念 (一)概念:会计账簿简称账簿,是由具有一定格式 相互联结的账页所组成。以会计凭证为依据,全面 连续、系统地记录各项经济业务的簿籍。 (二)账簿的基本格式:封面一扉页一账页 其中:账页基本内容一账户名称、登记账户的日期

材料的采购和发出;固定资产的取得、讣提折旧 待摊费用的支付及其分期摊销:应竹工资及应付福利费 用核算;预提费用的讣提与支付;应交税金的讣算与交 纳;成本项目;产品生产成本计算的一般程序;间接费 用的分配方法:所有者杈益的內容及増减变化的核算 收入的分类、计量及主营业务收入的核算;费用的分类 及核算:利润总额的构成,利润分配的内容及核算:本 年利润的结转

第一节复式记账 记账方法 使用特定的记账符号,按照一定的规 则,在账户中登记各种经济业务的技 术方法

1. Producer Theory 1. Technology yi =input of good i, y =output of good i, i= yi-yi=net output, y yn) is a production plan Production possibility set Y=technologically feasible production plans yE Rn) y E Y is technologically efficient if there is no yE Y s.t. y>y

Social welfare function W: Rn-R gives social utility W(u1, u2,. un ). W is strictly increasing is socially optimal if it solves max Wu(a1), u2(a2),., un(n) st>Tis>w Proposition 1.29. If is SO, it is PO. I Proposition 1. 30. Suppose that preferences are continuous, strictly monotonic, and strictly convex. Then, for any PO allocation x* with >>0,v i, there exist ai

(1)i(p, u) is zero homogeneous in p (2) substitution matrix: Dpi(p, u)<0 (3)symmetric cross-price effects: 23i(p 2=2z(p, u) (4) decreasing:=n≤0

Thus, to find Nash equilibria in IN=N, A(Si)), uin, we use the conditions: for ach player i (1)he is indifferent among all strategies in St,and (2)any strategy in St is at least as good as any strategy in S Example 3.7.(Meeting in an Airport ). Mr Wang and Ms Yang are to meet in an irport. However, they do not know whether they are to meet at door a or door B. The payoffs are specified in the following

then there exists AE R\ such that (Kuhn-Tucker condition) G(s') =0 and 1. Lagrange Method for Constrained Optimization FOC: D.L(,\)=0. The following classical theorem is from Takayama(1993, p.114). Theorem A-4 (Sufficieney). Let f and, i= ,..m, be quasi-concave, where Theorem A-1. (Lagrange). For f: and G\\, consider the following G=(.8 ) Let r' satisfy the Kuhn-Tucker condition and the FOC for (A.2). Then, x' problem is a global maximum point if max f() (1)Df(x') =0, and f is locally twice continuously differentiable,or