奈瑟菌属(Neisseria)中脑膜炎奈瑟菌(n. gonorrhoeae)和淋病奈瑟菌(N. meningitidis)对人有致病性,典型细胞内寄生。其余的均为人类呼吸道正常菌群,偶而可引起脑膜炎和心内膜炎等

一、主要病原性真菌 二、皮肤感染真菌(浅部真菌) 三、皮下组织感染真菌 四、深部感染真菌

第一节 转录水平的调控 第二节 转录后调控（翻译水平的调控） 第三节 酶活性的调节(翻译后水平的调节)

螺旋体( spirochaete) 定义:细长、柔软、弯曲呈螺旋状、运动活泼的原核细胞型微生物。 基本结构:类似细菌,但无鞭毛对人类致病:

9.11 Overview of Animal Viruses 9.12 Retroviruses

I. VIRUS AND VIRION 9.1 General Properties of Viruses 9.2 Nature of the virion 9.3 Quantification of Viruses 病毒的量化

8.1 Mutations and Mutants 8.2 Genetic Recombination 8.3 Genetic Transformation 8.4 Transduction 8.5 Conjugation 8.6 Plasmids 8.7 Transposons and Insertion Sequences 8.8 Comparative Prokaryotic Genomics

7.1 Overview of Cell Growth 7.2 Population Growth 7.3 Measurement of Growth 7.4 Continuous Culture: The Chemostat 7.5 Effect of Environment on Growth 7.6 Growth Control 7.7 Viral Control 7.8 Fungal Control

5.1 General Properties of Viruses 5.2 General Features of Virus Reproduction 5.3 Overview of Bacterial Viruses 5.4 Temperate Bacteriophages: Lysogeny and Lambda 5.5 Overview of Animal Viruses 5.6 Pox Viruses 5.7 Adcnoviruses 5.8 Retroviruses 5.9 Viroids and Prions

4.1 Eukaryotic cell structure 4.2 Fungal growth and reproduction 4.3 Major group and properties of fungi 4.4 Yeasts 4.5 Slime molds 4.6 Protozoa 4.7 Algae