Oxidize the ditch craft in dirty water handle of application and development Summary: This text expatiated primarily the Carrousel oxidizes the construction craft mechanism of the ditch and circulate the problem exsited in the process with the homologous the method of solution Finally introduce the Carrousel oxidize the latest research progress of the ditch and pointed out the future and main research

第一节 分子杂交与印迹技术 Molecular Hybridization and Blotting Technique 第二节 PCR技术的原理与应用 The Principle and Application of PCR Technology 第三节 基因文库 Gene Library 第四节 生物芯片技术 Biological Chip Technique

§7-1 Internal Energy Heat & Work 内能 功 热量 §7-2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一 定律 §7-3 Application of the First Law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律对理想气体等容、等压和等温过 程的应用 §7-4 The Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas 理想气体 的热容 §7-5 Application of the First Law to Adiabatic Processes 热力学第一定律对理想气体绝热过程 的应用 §7-6 Cyclical Processes Thermal Efficiency Carnot Cycle Reverse Cycle 循环过程 热机 的效率 卡诺循环 逆循环 §7-7 The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学 第二定律 §7-8 Reversible & Irreversible Process 可逆过程与不可逆过程、卡诺定理 §7-9 Statistical Meaning of The Second Law 热力学第二定律的统计意义 §7-10 Entropy 熵

Application of MR2T2 algorithm in statistical mechanics Canonical ensemble: Distribution function: p(rN)=exp(-E(rN)/KT)/Q Q= JdrN exp(-E(rN)/kT) Different states of the Markov chain: In the application of Metropolis algorithm to a simulation of molecular system, the states of the Markov chain correspond to different configurations of the molecular system

定义和内容 1.定义 换言之,就是说什麽叫电分析化学?尽 管存在不同意见,一些著名学者还是提出 大多数人可接受的定义。50年代,IM Kolthoff提出: Electroanalytical Chemistry as the application of electrochemistry to analytical chemistry

Experiments show that a charged particle moving in a magnetic field experiences a force F=Q(v×B) Q-the charge of the particle, v-the velocity of the particle(vector), B-the magnetic field. there is also an electric field, the force acting on the particle is F=Q(E+v×B)

Mutual Induction M Induced Electriomotance in Terms of Mutual Inductance Self-Inductance L Coefficient of Coupling Transients in RC Circuits

Ampere's Circuital Law Example: Long Cylindrical Conductor Example: Toroidal Coil Example: Refraction of Lines of B at a Current Sheet Short Solenoid The Curl of B

The Total Current Density J The curl of b Maxwells equations Maxwell's equations in Integral Form

The Waves The Wave Equations Electromagnetic Spectrum Poynting Vector S wave on a stretched string See Fig 20-1