7.1 An overview of metabolism Metabolism may be divided into two major parts: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism: larger and more Waste products complex molecules are broken Nutrients Biosynthesis down into smaller, simpler Energy molecules with the release of for growth energy

Chapter 13 temperature, heat transfer, and first law of thermodynamics Thermodynamics study the thermal energy (often 10\ -Universe just after beginning called the internal energy) of systems

第二节 人体的运动系统 第三节 能量代谢energy metabolism 第四节 心血管与呼吸系统 第五节 人体的忍耐力

1. The good and bad sides of using triacylglycerols as an energy storage Highly reduced, more than twice as much energy as carbohydrates or proteins (~38 kJ/g vs ~18 kJ/g). Highly hydrophobic: does not raise osmolarity of cytosol, nor add extra weight; but must be emulsified before digestion and transported by special proteins in blood

In the chapter we shall introduce the study of circuits characterized by a single energy-storage element--a capacitor or a inductor. It will be shown that the equations describing such a circuit may be put in a form involving an unknown variable and its first derivative. Such an equation is referred to as a first-order differential equation, thus we shall refer to circuits which contain only a single energy-storage element as first-order circuits

The set of variables is a hybrid set that may include both currents and voltages. They are the inductor currents and the capacitor voltages. Each of these quantities may be used directly to express the energy stored in the inductor or capacitor at any instant of time. They collectively describe the energy state of the system. They are called the state variables

The surplus amino acids in animals can be completely oxidized or converted to other storable fuels Amino acids in excess (from diet, protein turnover) can neither be stored, nor excreted, but oxidized to release energy or converted to fatty acids or glucose. Animals also utilize amino acid for energy generation during starvation or in diabetes mellitus

Characteristics of Digestive System Taking in energy sources Digestion energy tissue absorptionwaste Numerous organs

HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK SYNTHESIS 1: TARGETING OBJECTIVES: 1 Determine the minimum energy inputs required for a process 2Determine the minimum number of heat exchangers required to transfer this energy 3Develop a methodology for determining where these heat exchangers should be placed in the process

Section L Respiration and Energy L1. Citric acid cycle L2. Electron transport and oxidative hosphory lation L3. Photosynthesis