第一节 转录 Transcription 第二节 转译 translation 第三节 遗传密码 The Genetic Code 第四节 遗传密码的破译 Cracking the code 第五节 真核生物RNA

1. The Concept of Germplasm Resources种质资源的概念 Genetic Resources Gene Resources Varietal Resources Gene Bank It refers to all the plant materials used for plant breeding

3.4.1景观多样性 1生物多样性(biodiversity 生物多样性是所有生物种类、种内遗传变异和它们的生存环境的总和。 遗传多样性(genetic diversity)种内所有遗传变异信息的总和,蕴藏在动植物和微生物的个体基因里

Outline Multiple Sequence AlignmentCarillo-& Lipman, Clustal(W) Position-Specific Scoring Matrices(PSSM) Information content, Shannon entropy Sequence logos Hidden Markov Models Other approaches: Genetic algorithms, expectation maximization, MEME, Gibbs sampler

There are genetic processes that rearrange DNA sequences and thus lead to a more dynamic genome structure

一、遗传密码 遗传密码(genetic code):是生物蛋白质合成的密码, 是遗传信息的单位,由A、U、C、G组成。 遗传密码又是如何翻译呢? 首先是以DNA的一条链为模板合成与它互补的 mRNA,根据碱基互补配对的规律,在这条mRNA链 上,A变为U,T变为A,C变为G,G变为C 因此,这条mRNA上的遗传密码与非模板DNA链 是一样的,所不同的只是U代替了T。然后再由mRNA 上的遗传密码翻译成多肽链中的氨基酸序列

Virus a noncellular genetic element that enlists a cell for its own replication, it has an extracellular state. A virus particle containing nucleic acid surrounded by protein and other macromolecular components is called virion

Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Plasmids Circular genetic elements that reproduce autonomously and have an extra-chromosomal existence 1-1000 KB in size Typical plasmid 1/20 of chromosome Most are circular double-stranded DNA. some linear ds dna Transmitted from cell to cell via

2.1 Overview of the structure of microbial cells 2.2 Procaryotic cell wall 2.3 Cytoplasmic membrane 2.4 Cellular genetic information 2.5 Cytoplasmic matrix- Ribosome and Inclusions 2.6 Components external to the cell wall 2.7 Bacterial endospores

H protein synthesis H1 The genetic code H2 Protein synthesis(translation) in prokaryotes H3 Translation in eukaryotes H4 Protein targeting H5 Protein glycosylation