• Section 1: The need for a protocol architecture • Section 2: TCP/IP protocol architecture • Section 3: OSI model Learning outcomes: Describe the network protocol architectures and reference models

A mathematical model of kinetics of carbide layer formed on the surface of steel in fused system was set up with the theory of non-stable diffusion mass transfer and regular solution sub-lattice. This model was analyzed and testified by the experiments in which the VC layers were formed on four kinds of steels as steel 45, 4Cr5Mo-SiV1, T10, and Crl2MoV immersed in the V2O5-Na2O-B2O5 fused system with the reducing agent of silicon. The results showed that there was a good agreement between the model and the experimental results; the growth speed of carbide layer depended on the factors of carbon activity in substrate, treatment temperature, kinds of carbides and its structure

A VNi atomic model for 3D periodic structure is posed based on T polyhedrons which are introduced. The fourier transform patterns of the atomic model may explain the 12-fold symmetry in electron diffraction patterns of V60Ni40 alloy. This is the first satisfactory explanation since the V60Ni40 alloy has been reported

Contemporary globalization both requires, and permits, the re-casting of international law away from a\society of states \model and towards a model of global society and even global community. By effectively eliminating both time and space factors in social interaction, globalization is changing the nature of global social relations, intensifying the obsolescence of the society of states\model, and demanding al fundamental change in the social theory of international law towards a global society of persons. Because of these changes

Binary dependent variables Recall the linear probability model, which can be written as P(=1x)=Bo+xB a drawback to the linear probability model is that predicted values are not constrained to be between 0 and An alternative is to model the proba、,s a function, G(Bo+xB), where 0