Webster定义的计算机系统是:元素的集合或排列,这些元 素被组织在一起,以便通过处理外部信息完成某些预定的 目标。这些系统元素是:

主要任务：把系统分析阶段确定的逻辑模型向物 理模型（在计算机上的实现方法）转化。 系统设计阶段又可划分为： 概要设计（总体设计、初步设计）和详细设计两个 阶段

10 Stakeholder reactions to situations particular type of work. On the other hand, he or she may be relieved about not being put out of wort i a)*. The user may be disappointed, since he or she might be looking forward to no longer having to do ince many people believe that software systems are easy to develop; they underestimate the complexity of tasks that are to be automated

Interaction diagrams are used to model the dynamic aspects of a software system They help you to visualize how the system runs. An interaction diagram is often built from a use case and a class diagram. —The objective is to show how a set of objects accomplish the required interactions with an actor

10.1 Basic definitions A failure is an unacceptable behaviour exhibited by a system —The frequency of failures measures the reliability —An important design objective is to achieve a very low failure rate and hence high reliability. —A failure can result from a violation of an explicit or implicit requirement

Definition: Design is a problem-solving process whose objective is to find and describe a way: —To implement the system’s functional requirements... —While respecting the constraints imposed by the non-functional requirements... - including the budget

The Unified Modelling Language is a standard graphical language for modelling object oriented software At the end of the 1980s and the beginning of 1990s, the first object￾oriented development processes appeared The proliferation of methods and notations tended to cause

The process by which a software engineer learns about the domain to better understand the problem: The domain is the general field of business or technology in which the clients will use the software A domain expert is a person who has a deep knowledge of the domain

1．软件定义 软件(Software)是计算机系统中与硬件相互依存 的另一部分，它是包括程序、数据及其相关文 档的完整集合。 其中，程序是为实现设计的功能和性能要求而 编写的指令序列；数据是使指令能够正常操纵 信息的数据结构；文档是与程序开发、维护和 使用有关的图文资料

1.了解软件质量定义和软件质量度量。 2.了解软件维护的类型与策略。 3.了解软件维护的过程与管理方法。 4.了解可维护性的概念。 5.了解提高可维护性的方法。 6.了解软件逆向工程与再工程的概念