第一节 单基因遗传的基本概念和研究方法 第二节 单基因遗传病的基本遗传方式 第三节 影响单基因遗传病发病的因素 第四节 两种单基因性状的伴随遗传问题 第五节 单基因遗传病的复发风险估计

在当前绝大多数遗传疾病和遗传相关性疾病还没有理想的治疗 方法状况下，其诊断（特别是产前诊断和杂合体检出）就显得特别重 要。遗传疾病的诊断是进行遗传疾病预防和治疗的前提，它既有与其 他疾病相同的诊断方法，也有其特殊的诊断方法

一、前言 二、系谱与系谱分析法 三、常染色体显性遗传病的遗传 四、常染色体隐性遗传病的遗传 五、X连锁显性遗传病的遗传 六、X连锁隐性遗传病的遗传Y连锁遗传病的遗传 七、影响单基因遗传病分析的因素

❖ 单基因病的概念 ❖ 系谱常用符号 ❖ 各种单基因病的系谱特征 ❖ AD各种类型的特征 ❖ 影响单基因病发病风险的几个因素 ❖ 单基因病发病风险的估计

single-gene disorder or monogenic disorder Some disorders result when a mutation causes the product of a single gene to be altered or missing. These disorders are inherited in simple patterns similar to or identical with those described by Mendel for certain discrete characteristics in garden peas. Therefore it's also called mendelian diseases

1.Genes can be mutated in many ways The most common gene change involves a single base mismatch--a misspelling--placing the wrong base in the DNA. At other times, a single base may be dropped or added. And sometimes large pieces of DNA are mistakenly repeated or deleted

Some disorders result when a mutation causes the product of a single gene to be altered or missing. These disorders are inherited in simple patterns similar to or identical with those described by Mendel for certain discrete characteristics in garden peas. Therefore, it’s also called Mendelian diseases

Medical Genetics The normal 46 chromosomes in our body are contained in the center of the cell, which is called the nucleus. Mitochondria are structures in the cell located outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm, that also contain genes that are separate from the ones in the nucleus

一切生物细胞内的基因都能保持其相对稳定性，但在一定内外因 素的影响下，遗传物质就可能发生变化，这种遗传物质的变化及其所 引起的表型改变称为突变（mutation）。广义的突变包括染色体畸变 （chromosome aberration）和基因突变（gene mutation）。前者将在以 后章节中介绍，本章着重讨论基因突变

Medical Genetics Genetic diseases and congenital malformations occur in approximately 2 to 5 of all live births, account for up to 30% of paediatric admissions to hospital, and are an important cause of death under the age of 15 years