bias components are the mechanical characteristics of cross sections and two failure modes, Boundaries and determine the size of bias conditions; Familiar with eccentric compression of the second-order effect and calculation; Eccentric rectangular cross-section bearing capacity of compression members is calculated, Including the formula, the formula of the applicable conditions of reinforcement and non-symmetrical Design and reinforcement of the cross-section symmetrical cross section for review; I-shaped, T shaped eccentric compression AND CIVIL ENGINEERING Calculation method; Circular section eccentric compression member cross section design and review; Eccentric compression reinforcement of the structure and reasonable layout requirements

With a longitudinal axis of steel stirrups and the general failure mode of compression members, bearing capacity; Longitudinal and spiral reinforcement with stirrups failure modes of axial The concept of stability factor and its influencing factors; Analysis of the core concrete strength and strength calculation; Ordinary hoops column, spiral column reinforcement stirrup features and construction requirements

Oblique cross-section flexural members of the mechanical characteristics and failure modes. Oblique section of bending members the main factor for shear strength. Flexural oblique shear strength formula for conditions. Such a high degree of web reinforcement beams of the preliminary design steps. Resisting moment mapping. Check all of bearing capacity and structural requirements. Construction oblique shear strength calculations

Principle of Structure Design and Calculation Based on Probabilostic Limit State Method History and basic concept of methods for calculation and design Functional requirement of structure Conception of limit state, probabilistic limit state design method Design method, principles, expressions and factors of existing Codes Strength of Materials, action classifications, action combination

Basic Concepts of Reinforced Concrete Structure and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials Basic Concepts of Reinforced Concrete(RC) Strength and deformation of concrete under various stress conditions Type ,Grade and Mechanical Properties of Steel Reinforcement Bond between concrete and steel reinforcement

通过学习人机交互方式输入各楼层 楼面、梁间、柱间、墙间、节点、次梁 等补充荷载信息,熟练掌握在执行完“ 输入次梁楼板”之后,执行3.输入荷载 信息主菜单。从而完成建筑荷载信息输 入与检验

2 镇墩与支墩 （1）镇墩 抵抗管道水平方向力量。 地面管道（d>100mm）的拐弯处等。 （2）支墩 抵抗管道水平方向力量。 地基较软、d>300mm等处

1 埋深与坡度 （1）埋深不小于60cm，且在冻土层以下 （2）坡度1％～1‰

由于是匀质弹性材料,所以当梁截面的尺寸确定后,其抗弯刚度即可确定且为常量,挠度f与M成线性关系。 对钢筋混凝土构件,由于材料的非弹性性质和受拉 区裂缝的开展,梁的抗弯刚度不是常数而是变化的,其 主要特点如下:

一、社会生活中经常遇到的问题, 如: 二、优化模型和优化软件的重要意义 三、结构设计 资源分配 生产计划 运输方案 四、解决优化问题的手段