9.1 Introduction 9.2 Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase 9.3 The transcription reaction has three stages 9.4 A stalled RNA polymerase can restart 9.5 RNA polymerase consists of multiple subunits 9.6 RNA Polymerase consists of the core enzyme and sigma factor 9.7 Sigma factor is released at initiation 9.8 Sigma factor controls binding to DNA 9.9 Promoter recognition depends on consensus sequences

23.1 Introduction 23.2 Group I introns undertake self-splicing by transesterification 23.3 Group I introns form a characteristic secondary structure 23.4 Ribozymes have various catalytic activities 23.5 Some introns code for proteins that sponsor mobility 23.6 The catalytic activity of RNAase P is due to RNA 23.7 Viroids have catalytic activity 23.8 RNA editing occurs at individual bases

22.1 Introduction 22.2 Nuclear splice junctions are short sequences 22.3 Splice junctions are read in pairs 22.4 Nuclear splicing proceeds through a lariat 22.5 snRNAs are required for splicing 22.6 U1 snRNP initiates splicing 22.7 The E complex can be formed in alternative ways 22.8 5 snRNPs form the spliceosome

21.1 Introduction 21.2 Response elements identify genes under common regulation 21.3 There are many types of DNA-binding domains 21.4 A zinc finger motif is a DNA-binding domain 21.5 Steroid receptors are transcription factors 21.6 Steroid receptors have zinc fingers 21.7 Binding to the response element is activated by ligand-binding 21.8 Steroid receptors recognize response elements by a combinatorial code

20.1 Introduction 20.2 Eukaryotic RNA polymerases consist of many subunits 20.3 Promoter elements are defined by mutations and footprinting 20.4 RNA polymerase I has a bipartite promoter 20.5 RNA polymerase III uses both downstream and upstream promoters 20.6 The startpoint for RNA polymerase II 20.7 TBP is a universal factor 20.8 TBP binds DNA in an unusual way

• 分子生物学和医学分子生物学研 究的主要内容 • 分子生物学的历史 • 分子生物学在医学上的应用 • Nucleic acids DNA Structures &functions RNA Structures &functions • Proteins • Interaction between biopolymer protein-protein interaction DNA-protein interaction

一、基本概念 二、转录起始:RNA聚合酶、启动子 三、转录的基本过程 四、转录后加工 五、原核生物与真核生物mRNA的特征比较 六、RNA合成与DNA合成异同点

13.1 Introduction 13.2 DNA polymerases are the enzymes that make DNA 13.3 DNA synthesis is semidiscontinuous 13.4 Coordinating synthesis of the lagging and leading strands 13.5 The replication apparatus of phage T4 13.6 Creating the replication forks at an origin 13.7 Common events in priming replication at the origin 13.8 Does methylation at the origin regulate initiation? 13.9 Licensing factor controls eukaryotic rereplication

核酸的结构与功能-核酸的化学组成 核酸的结构与功能 The Structure and Function of Nucleic Acic 1868年,瑞士的内科医生 Friedrich Miescher从外科医院包扎伤口的绷带上的脓 细胞核中提取到一种富含磷元素的酸性化合物,将其称为核质(nuclein);后来 他又从鲭鱼精子中分离出类似的物质,并指出它是由一种碱性蛋白质与一种酸 性物质组成的,此酸性物质即是现在所知的核酸(nucleic acid)1944年 Oswalo Avery, Colin Macleod和 Maclyn McCarty发现,一种有夹膜

四、真核生物转录水平上的基因表达调控 五、真核基因转录后水平上的调控