北京大学：《离散数学》离散数学之二：《代数结构与组合数学》第22章 组合计数方法 22.5 指数生成函数

„ Ramsey定理的简单形式 „ 两个简单命题 „ Ramsey定理 „ 小Ramsey数的有关结果 „ Ramsey数的性质 „ Ramsey定理的推广 „ Ramsey定理的一般形式 „ Ramsey定理 „ 关于一般Ramsey数的结果 „ Ramsey定理的应用

„ 子群定义 „ 子群判别定理 „ 重要子群的实例 „ 生成子群 „ 中心 „ 正规化子 „ 共轭子群 „ 子群的交 „ 子群格 „ 循环群的定义 „ 循环群的分类 „ 生成元 „ 子群 „ 循环群的实例

„ 正规子群及判定 „ 定义 „ 判别定理 „ 判别法 „ 商群 „ 定义及其实例 „ 性质

一、环的定义 二、环的性质 三、特殊的环 四、有限域 18.2子环、理想、商环、环同态 一、子环定义及判别 二、理想、商环、环同态

16.21 Techniques of Structural Analysis and sig Spring 2003 Unit #1 In this course we are going to focus on energy and variational methods for structural analysis. To understand the overall approach we start by con- trasting it with the alternative vector mechanics approach

We are going to consider the forces exerted on a material. These can be external or internal. External forces come in two flavors: body forces(given per unit mass or volume) and surface forces(given per unit area). If we cut a body of material in equilibrium under a set of external forces along a plane as shown in fig. 1. and consider one side of it we draw two conclusions: 1 the equilibrium provided by the loads from the side taken out is provided by a set of forces that are distributed among the material particles adjacent to

A Cauchy stress component at a given(fixed) point P of a structure in equilibrium under the action of external loads is defined when 1. the direction of the face on which the stress component acts is specified 2 the direction of the force from which the stress component is derived is specified None of the above statements

The following expression is the right statement of linear momentum balance for a deforming body of an arbitrary material

We seek to characterize the local state of deformation of the material in a neighborhood of a point P. Consider two points P and Q in the undeformed