第一部分 心理学前沿问题与研究取向篇 第二部分 广义问题解决过程篇 第三部分 研究方法篇

Energy and the Relative Stability Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. Potential energy is stored energy. It exists only when an attractive or repulsive force exists between objects

The primary source of alkanes is petroleum Natural gas consists chiefly of methane, but ethane, propane, butane, and isobutane are also present. Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must be refined into different fraction before it can be used

Cycloalkanes with only one ring are named by attaching the prefix cyclo- to the names of the alkanes possessing the same number of carbon atoms

分离过程是将混合物分成组成互不相同的两种或几种产品的操作。 分离操作的作用：①为化学反应提供符合质量要求的原料，清除对反应或催化剂有害的 杂质，减少副反应和提高收率；②对反应产物起着分离提纯作用，以得到合格的产品，并使 未反应的反应物得以循环利用

5.1 电介质对电场的影响 5.2 电介质的极化 5.3 D 的高斯定理 5.4 电容器和它的电容（自学） 5.5 电容器的能量（自学） 5.6 介质中电场能量密度

Isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula. Constitutional isomers are isomers that differ because their atoms are connected in a different order. Stereoisomers differ only in arrangement of their atoms in space.Stereoisomers are not constitutional isomers. Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperposable mirror images of each other. Diastereomer are stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other

An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers is called a racemic form (either a racemate or a racemic mixture). A racemic form shows no rotation of plane￾polarized light

Before 1951 only relative configurations of chiral molecules were known. Configurations of chiral molecules were related to each other through reactions of known stereochemistry. The standard compound was glyceraldehyde

First order overall (一级反应) The reaction is a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution（单分子亲核取代反应）