REVIEWS The Art and Science of Total Synthesis at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century** K. C. Nicolaou, Dionisios Vourloumis, Nicolas Winssinger, and Phil S. Baran Dedicated to Professor E. J. Corey for his outstanding contributions to organic synthesis At the dawn of the twenty-first cen-of the most exciting and important covery and invention of new synthetic tury, the state of the art and science of discoveries of the twentieth century in strategies and technologies; and explo- vnth

2.4.1 Cell Activities \Packaged\ sequences (cascades) of cell activities/functions with an identifiable beginning and an end 2.4.1.1 Mitosis(Proliferation) Mitosis is a complex of processes leading to the division of a cell such that the two daughter nuclei receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes characteristic of the cells of the species. All cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells. The process of mitosis is divided into four phases:

If the salinity(含盐量)of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation-conversion of liquid water to water vapour. In this manner,the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme,of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way,is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained

§17-1 The Coherence of Light 光的 相干性 §17-2 Two Beams Interference 双缝干涉 §17-3 Optic Path & Optic Path Difference 光程与光程差 §17-4 Interference by Division of Amplitude 薄膜干涉⎯⎯ 等厚条纹 §17-5 Michelson’ Interferometer 麦克耳孙干涉仪 Part One Interference of Light 第一部分 光的干涉 §17-7 Diffraction from Single Slit 单缝的夫琅和费衍射 §17-6 Diffraction of Light Huygens-Fresnel’s Principle 光的衍射现象 惠更斯⎯ 菲涅耳原 理 Part Two Diffraction of Light 第二部分 光的衍射 §17-8 Diffraction Grating 光栅衍射 §17-10 x-ray Diffraction 射线的衍射（自学） §17-9 Resolving Power of Optical Instrument 光学仪器的分辨本领（自学） §17-11 Nature Light & Polarized Light 自然光和偏振光 Polarization of Light Law of Malus 起偏和检偏 马吕斯定律 §17-12 Polarization by Reflection 反射和折射时光的偏振 §17-13 Double Reflection 光的双折射（自学） §17-14 Optic Strese Analysis（自学） Part Three Polarization of Light 第三部分 光的偏振

1. Automatic Control System 1.1 Introduction 1.2 An example 1.3 Types of control system 2. Mathematical Foundation 2.1 The transfer function concept 2.2 The block diagram. 2.3 Signal flow graphs 2.4 Construction of signal flow graphs 2.5 General input-output gain transfer function 3. Time-Domain Analysis Of Control System 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Typical test signals for time response of control systems 3.3 First –Order Systems 3.4 Performance of a Second-Order System 3.5 Concept of Stability 4. The Root Locus Techniques 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Root Locus Concept 4.3 The Root Locus Construction Procedure for General System 4.4 The zero-angle (negative) root locus 5. Frequency-Domain Analysis of Control System 5.1 Frequency Response 5.2 Bode Diagrams 5.3 Bode Stability Criteria 5.4 The Nyquist Stability Criterion 6. Control system design 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Cascade Lead Compensation 6.3 Properties of the Cascade Lead Compensator 6.4 Parameter Design by the Root Locus Method

Nobel Lecture december 13. 1946 The history of the discovery of the exclusion principle m, for which I have received the honor of the Nobel Prize award in the year 1945, goes back to my students days in Munich. While, in school in Vienna, I had already ob- tained some knowledge of classical physics and the then new Einstein rel- ativity theory, it was at the University of Munich that I was introduced by Sommerfeld to the structure of the atom- somewhat strange from the point of view of classical physics. I was not spared the which every

1.1 亚原子粒子 subatomic particles 1.2 波粒二象性— 赖以建立现代wave-particle duality — a 模型的量子力学概念 fundamental concept of quantum mechanics 1.3 氢原子结构的量子力学模型 the quantum mechanical model of the structure of hydrogen atom— — 波尔模型 Bohr’ model 1.4 原子结构的波动力学模型 the wave mechanical model of the structure of atom 1.5 多电子原子轨道的能级 the energy level of many-electron atoms 1.6 基态原子的核外电子排布 ground-state electron configuration 1.7 元素周期表 the periodic table of elements 1.8 原子参数 atomic parameters

Changes in the Nature of Work The Interweaving of Technology and Jobs Changes in the Design of Jobs (there will be no stable jobs in the future Integration of Contingent Workers into the Workforce Increased Emphasis on Continuous Learning External Control of Performance Standards by Customers (Boom of services industry) Limitations on Leadership and Supervision Changes in the Structure of Work From Individuals to Teams

Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920 The genesis and present state of development of the quantum theory If i take it correctly that the duty imposed upon me today is to give a public lecture on my writings, then i believe that this task, the importance of which i am well aware through the gratitude felt towards the noble-minded founder of our Foundation, cannot be more suitably fulfilled than by my trying to give you the story of the origin of the quantum theory in broad outlines and to couple with this, a picture in a small frame of the development of this theory up

This part deals with the basic elements of property law. I begin in chapter by examining the fundamental question of what justifies the social institution of property, that is, the rationale for the rights that constitute what we commonly call ownership. I also discuss examples of the emergence of property rights Then I consider a number of important issues about property rights. In chapter 8, I inquire about the division of property rights(property rights may be divided contemporaneously, over time, and according to contingency). In chapter