Needs -通常是指对人类基本生存条件的满足期望 . i.e.比如人们需要食物、衣着、蔽护所、安全等。 Wants -指满足具体效用的期望. i.e.比如可口可乐、汉堡包、皮鞋、到欧洲旅游等。 . Demands -指满足具有购买能力和购买欲望的现实和潜 在的愿望 . i.e.花费两个月的工资去买一件时装，动用多年 的储蓄购买一套住房等

The Business Market - all the organizations that buy goods and services to use in the production of other products and services that are sold, rented, or supplied to others. Business markets involve many more dollars and items do consumer markets

复旦大学：《营销管理》经典讲义_T5_Analyze Consumer Mkts（Stu）

复旦大学：《营销管理》课程讲义_Ch. 06 Consumer and buyer behavior（II）

《电子商务 E-business》阅读文献：Analyzing Consumer Behavior on Product Search Engines

《电子商务 E-business》阅读文献：Examining the Impact of Search Engine Ranking and Personalization on Consumer Behavior-combining Beyessian modeling with randomized field experiments

《电子商务 E-business》阅读文献：A Next Generation Recommender System Based on Observed Consumer Behavior and Interactive Evolutionary Algorithms

复旦大学：《营销管理》课程讲义_Ch. 05 Consumer and buyer behavior（I）

A consumption externality is a situation where a consumer cares directly about another agent’s consumption or production of a particular good. An externality can be positive or negative: 1. Negative: Loud mobile phone use in public places. 2. Positive: Pipe smoking in enclosed public places

1999年,在网站上销售个人电脑的戴尔公司(Dell)和美凯龙电子公司( Micron)同意 解决美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)对它们误导顾客的广告的指控。这两家公司在网站上登出 计算机租赁广告,广告仅说明了计算机的每月分期付款额,没有详细讲清租赁的全部细节, 违反了1976年的消费者租赁法案( Consumer Leasing Act)该法案是联邦储备委员会制定并 定期修改的一项联邦立法,也称为M法规原是要求银行和其他出租人全面阐明租赁条款