● 基本概念 ● 转录起始： RNA聚合酶、启动子 ● 转录的基本过程 ● 转录后加工 ● 原核生物与真核生物mRNA的特征比较 ● RNA合成与DNA合成异同点

16.1 Introduction 16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition-like events 16.3 Retroviral genes codes for polyproteins 16.4 Viral DNA is generated by reverse transcription 16.5 Viral DNA integrates into the chromosome 16.6 Retroviruses may transduce cellular sequences 16.7 Yeast Ty elements resemble retroviruses 16.8 Many transposable elements reside in D. melanogaster 16.9 Retroposons fall into two classes 16.10 The Alu family has many widely dispersed members

 掌握基因概念及结构特点；中心法则；基因转录调控相关序列；多顺反子，单顺反子；真核基因与原核基因的结构特点。  熟悉基因突变的意义  了解基因命名法

第一节 工具酶、克隆载体 第二节 基因文库的构建 第三节 基因文库的筛选 第四节 cDNA文库的构建与筛选 第五节 其它几种基因文库

第一节、真核生物的基因组及表达调控 第二节、DNA水平的基因表达调控 第四节、转录后水平的基因表达调控 第三节、转录水平的基因表达调控 第五节、翻译水平的基因表达调控

12.1 Introduction 12.2 Replicons can be linear or circular 12.3 Origins can be mapped by autoradiography and electrophoresis 12.4 The bacterial genome is a single circular replicon 12.5 Each eukaryotic chromosome contains many replicons 12.6 Isolating the origins of yeast replicons 12.7 D loops maintain mitochondrial origins 12.8 The problem of linear replicons

1、遗传物质的本质 2、DNA的一级结构 3、DNA的二级结构 4、DNA物理结构的不均一性 5、DNA的变性、复性和杂交 6、DNA二级结构的多样性 7、DNA超螺旋和拓扑异构现象

Transcription is very similar to DNA replication but there are some important differencesi 1 RNA is made of ribonucleotides 2. RNA polymerase catalyzes the reaction 3. The synthesized RNa does not remain base-paired to the template DNA strand 4. Less accurate(error rate: 10-4)

Cloning vectors: 克隆载体 to clone a gene in a vector Expression vectors: 表达载体 to express a gene from a vector Integration vectors: 整合载体 to integrate a gene in a genome through a vector Cloning vectors 1 Plasmid vecters 2 Bacteriophage vectors 3 Cosmids & BACs 4 Eukaryotic vectors Cloning vectors: allowing the exogenous DNA to be inserted, stored, and manipulated mainly at DNA level. expression vectors: allowing the exogenous DNA to be inserted, stored, and expressed

第一节 分子生物学的概念 第二节 分子生物学与生物化学的联系和区别 第三节 分子生物学研究的主要内容 第四节 分子生物学发展历史 第五节 分子生物学在医学上的应用 第六节 21世纪分子生物学发展的新趋势