Received bachelor’s degree in Hamilton College in New York, majored in English literature. He decided to be a writer.(influenced by Robert Frost)

Affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg (Professor from 1890; Director from 1902); Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg Worked on the physiology of circulation and digestion In 1904,he won Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion

Thorndike called the association between sense impressions and impulses to action a bond or a connection. This marked the first formal attempt to link sensory events to behavior. Earlier brands of associationism attempted to show how ideas became linked together; thus Thorndike's

第一节 思维概述 第二节 思维的过程和形式 第三节 问题解决 第四节 创造性思维及其培养 第五节 想象概述

第一节 唯物主义和唯心主义的心理观 第二节 心理是脑的机能 第三节 心理是对客观现实的反映

Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

微生物的营养物质及其功能 微生物的营养类型 物质进出微生物细胞的方式 培养基

1/ 思维概述 2/ 思维的过程和形式 3/ 问题解决 4/ 创造性思维与想象

1/ 记忆概述 2/ 感觉记忆 3 / 短时记忆 4 / 长时记忆

1/ 注意概述 2/ 注意的种类 3/ 注意的品质 4/ 注意的规律与教学