由自然动力引起地壳的物质组成、 内部结构和地表形态发生变化和发展的 作用称为地质作用。 按动力来源分为:内力地质作用 (endogenic geological process) 和外力地质作用 (exogenic geological process)

地壳(crust):由固体岩石构成,平均厚度16km, 分硅铝层(花岗岩层)和硅镁层(玄武岩层) 地幔(mantle):上地幔是熔融状态物质,可能是 岩浆的发源地;下地幔主要是由铁镁氧化物和 硫化物组成。 地核(core):由比重较大的铁镍合金组成,平 均密度大于10g/cm3。外核是液态的,内核是固 态。 地壳运动主要起因于地幔物质的对流

Standard Approach to Estimating Volatility (Equation 15.1 Define on as the volatility per day between day n-1 and day n, as estimated at end of day n-1 · Define, as the value of market variable at end of day i Define ui= In(S /Si-1)

European Options on Stock 12.2 Paying Continuous Dividends We get the same probability distribution for the stock price at time T in each of the following cases 1. The stock starts at price So and provides a continuous dividend yield q 2. The stock starts at price Soe-q' and provides no dividend yield

A Simple Binomial Model of Stock Price Movements In a binomial model, the stock price at the BEGINNING of period can lead to only 2 stock prices at the END of that period

1. Single equation estimation procedures Indirect least squares(ILS)(恰好识别) Two- -stage least squares(2SLS)(过度识别) 2. System estimation procedures Three-stage- least squares(sLS)(跨方程相 关) In1962 Theil and Zellner first proposed this method. 2SLS+GLS= 3SLS (gls=generalized least squares)

第四章例题 一填空题 1.二元混合物的恰的表达式为H=x1H1+x2H2+ax2,则 H1=H1+ax2;H2=H2+ax2(由偏摩尔性质的定义求得) 2.填表 偏摩尔性质(M) 溶液性质(M) 关系式(M=xM) In( /;) Inf Inf=x,(. /x;) Ino Inop Ing=x, Inp InYi GE/RT GE/RT=x, Inri 3.有人提出了一定温度下二元液体混合物的偏摩尔体积的模型是 =(1+ax2),2=V2(1+bx1),其中V1,V2为纯组分的摩尔体积,a,b为常数,问 所提出的模型是否有问题? Gibbs-Duhem-方程得a=x2b,ab不可能是常数,故提出的模型有问题;若模型改为1=11+ax2)2=V2(1+bx2),情况又如 何?ibbs- Duhem方程得,a=b,故提出的模型有一定的合理性

DEFINITIONS EQUIPMENT RATING: Given the input streams, operating parameters, and size parameters, determine the equipment performance and output streams EQUIPMENT SIZING: Given the input streams and the performance specifications, estimate the economically important size parameters using approximate methods EQUIPMENT DESIGN: Produce a design in enough detail to guide the fabrication of the item of equipment

HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN GOALS: Role of heat exchangers in chemical processing Basic concepts and terminology Types of heat exchangers Design methodology Sizing Design Rating

Molecular dynamics for continuous potentials Short history: The first MD simulation for a system interacting with a continuous potential (Lennard-Jones potential) was carried out by A. Rahman in1964. A. Rahman, Phys. Rev. 136, A405, (1964). Main differences between MD with continuous poentials and