Like all other foods of plant or animal origin, milk contains several indigenous enzymes which are constituents of the milk as secreted. The principal constituents of milk (lactose, lipids and proteins) can be modified by exogenous enzymes, added to induce specific changes. Exogenous en- zymes may also be used to analyse for certain constituents in milk. In addition, milk and most dairy products

脂肪酸是高等动、植物的重要能源。脂肪在动物脂肪组织、细胞中可大量储存。植物的种子和果实中 常储有大量脂肪。脂肪酸对正常膳食的人约提供所需全部能量的 40％。对于饥饿或冬眠动物以及候鸟迁移 时，脂肪酸则更是主要的能量来源

第一节 概 述 钙、磷代谢和调节 镁代谢和生理功能 微量元素与疾病 第二节 钙、磷、镁和微量元素测定 血清钙、磷、镁的测定 尿液钙、镁、磷的测定 铁、铜和锌测定

The water content of dairy products ranges from around 2.5 to 94%(w/w) (Table 7.1) and is the principal component by weight in most dairy products, including milk, cream, ice-cream, yogurt and most cheeses. The moisture content of foods (or more correctly their water activity, section 7.3), together with temperature and pH, are of great importance to food technology. As described in section 7.8 water plays an extremely important

第一节 基因表达与基因表达调控的基本概念与特点 Basic Conceptions and Characters of Gene Expression and it’s Regulation 第二节 原核基因表达调控 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryote 第三节 真核基因表达调控 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryote

第一节 酶活性测定的基本知识 第二节 酶活性测定方法及酶学分析的类型 第三节 同工酶测定 第四节 酶学分析在临床诊断上的应用 第五节 酶活性测定最适条件的选择

第一节 DNA损伤 DNA Damage 第二节 DNA损伤的修复 The repair of DNA damage 第三节 DNA损伤和修复的意义 The significance of DNA damage and repair

第十二章 物质代谢的整合与调节 Metabolic Interrelationships & Regulation 第二节 物质代谢的相互联系 Metabolic Interrelationships 第三节 肝在物质代谢中的作用 Function of Liver in Material Metabolism 第五节 物质代谢调节的主要方式 The Way for Regulation of Metabolism

第一节 细胞信号转导概述 The General Information of Signal Transduction 第二节 细胞内信号转导分子 Intracellular Signal Molecules 第三节 细胞受体介导的细胞内信号转导 Signal Pathways Mediated by Different Receptors 第四节 信号转导的基本规律和复杂性 The basic rule and complexity of signal transduction and

Vitamins are organic chemicals required by the body in trace amounts but which cannot be synthesized by the body. The vitamins required for growth and maintenance of health differ between species; compounds regarded as vitamins for one species may be synthesized at adequate rates by other species. For example, only primates and the guinea-pig require ascorbic acid (vitamin C; section 6.4) from their diet; other species possess the enzyme gluconolactone oxidase which is necessary for the synthesis of vitamin C from D-glucose or D-galactose