第1章绪言 一、是否题 1.孤立体系的热力学能和熵都是一定值。(错△U=0,H=0,但△S,△G和 △A不一定等于0,如一体积等于2V的绝热刚性容器,被一理想的隔板一分为二,左 侧状态是T,P的理想气体,右侧是T温度的真空。当隔板抽去后,由于Q=W=0, △U=0,AT=0,H=0,故体系将在T,2V,0.5P状态下达到平衡, AS=-RIn(0.5P/P)=RIn2,= AH -TAS=RTIn 2, 44=AU-TAS=-RT In2) 2.封闭体系的体积为一常数。(错)

Our research program involves the design, synthesis, and detailed physical investigation of novel molecular and nanoparticle materials which display unique self-organized hierarchical structures and specific optical, electronic, andor magnetic properties. Emphasis is placed on materials with potential applications in light-emitting devices, optical memory devices, molecular level and single particle level switching devices, and chemosensory devices

1。为何中国最早开始改革,而且采用渐进改革? a.毛主席的过世,领导人的替换减少了改革的意识形态的障碍。 b.打倒四人帮,邓小平等老一辈革命家需要取得正当性 legitimacy)中国和其他经济发展绩效的比较 (Per capita income in 1990 dollars)

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我们已经研究了矩形波导,对于圆波导的提出应 该有它的理由

低频传输线的能量主要封闭在导线内部。随着频率的提高，能量开放在导线之间的空间(Space)。这是由封闭→开放的第一过程。随着频率的进一步提高，开放空间受干扰，影响太大。又开始用枝节再一次封闭起来，使能量在内部传输。这是由开放→封闭的第二过程，它是对第一次的否定。但是这一次所封闭的不是导线内部，而是空间内部

概述 肝细胞结构与功能的异质性(heterogeneity) 原因 不同部位的肝细胞获得的氧和营养物 质具有差异。 以终末微血管为中轴,将肝小叶中的肝细 胞分为三条带: I带(门管周带periportal zone) Ⅲ带(小叶中心带centrolobular zone) Ⅱ带(介于I带与Ⅲ带之间)

Conduction of Electricity Ohm's Law Non-linear Resistors Resistors Connected Kirchhoff's Lawss Substitution Theorem Mesh Current

The Total Current Density J The curl of b Maxwells equations Maxwell's equations in Integral Form

Forces on a Wire Carrying a Current in a Magnetic Field Magnetic Pressure Magnetic Energy Denisity Magnetic Forces btwn Two Electric Currents Magnetic Forces Within an Isolated Circuit