This handout describes standard extraction and washing protocols that can be applied to virtually any crude reaction mixture. Aqueous washings are done to remove water soluble impurities from organic products since normally the compound that you desire will be dissolved in Reference
Overview: As you may discover, growing single crystals takes patience as well as an artful hand Crystallizations can be very sensitive to temperature and minor disturbances. Therefore, you will be encouraged to try several different temperatures using otherwise identical conditions, and to always find a quiet undisturbed location to promote crystal growth. Here are some tried and true tips to get
Working on a vacuum manifold: See LLP chapter 9.2 for an excellent discussion on working with air-sensitive reagents, including how to use a two-way manifold. De-gassing solvents: The best way to remove water and oxygen from a solvent is to distill it over an appropriate drying agent (such as sodium). This can sometimes be a lengthy (and dangerous)task. Since we
Thin Layer Chromatography (TlC) is an extremely useful technique for monitorin reactions. It is also used to determine the proper solvent system for performing separations using column chromatography. tLC uses a stationary phase, usually alumina or silica, that is highly polar(standard) or non-polar(reverse phase). The mobile phase is a solvent whose polarity you will choose. In 5.301, and in most lab