导言 经济分析的理论基础 第一讲 市场与政府 第二讲 外部效应 第三讲 公共物品 第四讲 自然垄断 第五讲 收入分配 第六讲 公共选择 第七讲 公共支出 第八讲 公共收入 第九讲 宏观经济 第十讲 政府作用的限度

10-1 一维非恒定流基本方程 10-2 水击现象与水击波传播过程 10-3 水击基本方程 10-4 水击简化方程组的解析解 10-5 停泵水击、水击危害与对策

7-1 概述 7-2 明渠恒定均匀流 7-3 明渠恒定渐变流 7-4 明渠恒定急变流 7-5 明渠恒定渐变流水面曲线的定性分析 7-6 明渠恒定渐变流水面曲线的计算

3.1 液体流动的两种型态 3.2 紊流的形成和流态转变过程的物理实质 3.3 层流运动 3.4 紊流的特征、时均法和紊动流计量 3.5 紊流的动量传递理论和掺长 3.6 紊流的时均流速分布和断面平均流速

§2-1 描述液体运动的两种方法 §2-2 液体运动的一些基本概念 §2-3 液流的连续性方程 §2-4 理想液体的运动方程 §2-5 实际液体总流的能量方程 §2-6 恒定均匀流水力坡度与切应力的关系 §2-7 恒定总流的动量方程 §2-8 液体微团运动的基本形式，有旋流与无旋流 §2-9 恒定平面势流 §2-10 实际液体运动的微分方程 §2-11 空化现象和空蚀问题简述

Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Some Characteristics of Fluids 1.2 Dimensions and Units 1.4 Fluid Mass and Weight 1.6 Viscosity 1.7 Compressibility of Fluid 1.9 Surface Tension 1.10 Forces acting on fluid Chapter II Hydrostatics 2.1 Pressure at a point 2.2 Basic equation for pressure field 2.3 Pressure variation in fluid at rest 2.5 Measurement of pressure

TOPIC 1 Principles of Transcriptional Regulation [watch the animation] TOPIC 2 Regulation of Transcription Initiation: Examples from Bacteria (Lac operon, alternative s factors, NtrC,MerR, Gal rep, araBAD operon) TOPIC 3 Examples of Gene Regulation after Transcription Initiation (Trp operon) TOPIC 4 The Case of Phage λ: Layers of Regulation

Similarity of regulation between eukaryotes and prokaryote 1.Principles are the same: • signals (信号), • activators and repressors (激活蛋白和阻 遏蛋白) • recruitment and allostery, cooperative binding (招募，异构和协同结合) 2. The gene expression steps subjected to regulation are similar, and the initiation of transcription is the most pervasively regulated step

◼ What are the main challenges of translation and how do organisms overcome them? ◼ What is the organization of nucleotide sequence information in mRNA? ◼ What is the structure of tRNAs, and how do aminoacyl tRNA synthetases recognize and attach the correct amino acids to each tRNA? ◼ How does the ribosome orchestrate the translation process?

Most of the eukaryotic genes are mosaic (嵌合体), consisting of intervening sequences separating the coding sequence ◼ Exons (外显子): the coding sequences ◼ Introns (内含子) : the intervening sequences ◼ RNA splicing: the process by which introns are removed from the pre￾mRNA. ◼ Alternative splicing (可变剪接): some pre-mRNAs can be spliced in more than one way , generating alternative mRNAs. 60% of the human genes are spliced in this manner