4.1 引言 4.2 溶液组成的表示法 4.3 偏摩尔量与化学势 4.4 稀溶液中的两个经验定律 4.5 混合气体中各组分的化学势 4.6 液体混合物 4.7 稀溶液中各组分的化学势 4.8 稀溶液的依数性 4.9 Duhem-Margules公式 4.10 非理想溶液 4.11 分配定律

2.1 自发变化的共同特征 2.2 热力学第二定律 2.3 卡诺循环与卡诺定理 2.4 熵的概念 2.5 克劳修斯不等式与熵增加原理 2.6 熵变的计算 2.7 热力学第二定律的本质和熵的统计意义 2.8 亥姆霍兹自由能和吉布斯自由能 2.9 变化的方向和平衡条件 2.10 G的计算示例 2.11 几个热力学函数间的关系 2.12 克拉贝龙方程 2.13 热力学第三定律与规定熵

0.1 物理化学的目的和内容 0.2 物理化学的研究方法 0.3 物理化学的建立与发展 0.4 近代化学的发展趋势和特点 0.5 物理化学课程的学习方法

Try to find out all expressions showing graceful hands” in our text.How many times? Find out words of Mrs. Clark Pick out descriptions about ward and Mrs Clarks physical conditions

Control of microorganisms by physical and chemical agents frequently used terms Sterilization: the process by which all living cells, viable spores, virus, and viroids are either destroyed or removed from an object or habitat

2.1 scalar and vector quantities 1. scalar Physical concepts that require only one numerical quantity for their complete specification are scalar quantities. 2. vector Vector quantities require for their complete specification a positive quantity, called the magnitude of the vector and the direction otice:Not all things with a magnitude and direction are vectors

114.1 Introduction 114.2 Physical Sensors 114.3 Chemical Sensors 114.4 Bioanalytical Sensors Michael R Neuman 114.5 Applicat

Why Statistical Mechanics? Understand predict the physical properties of macroscopic systems from the properties of their constituents Deterministic approach ma F need of 6n coordinates at t: r: and v but typically n= moles (1023)! Ensemble?rather than microscopic detail and its surroundings microcanonical, canonical, grand canonical

CFD the systematic application of computing systems and computational solution techniques to mathematical models formulated to describe and simulate fluid dynamic phenomena. Simulation is used by engineers and physicists to forecast or reconstruct the behaviour of an engineering product or physical situation under assumed or measured

1. In what physical condition is the writer's grandmother? with her? 3. Is she happy Why or why not? 4 Are retirement homes all bad? 5. What did the writer's mother decide to do when Grandma could not live on her own? 6. How are elderly people treated in many cultures? 7. Why are old people unhappy in a nursing home? 8. What is the writer's opinion concerning the treatment of aging people? 9. What is your own opinion concerning the old people n general?