Utilitarianism Last time we considered three questions one might ask an ethical theory to answer i)Which acts are right and which are wrong? Which acts ought we to perform(understanding the\ought as a moral ii)What makes a particular action right or wrong? What is it about the action that determines its moral status? 111) How do we know what is right and wrong? There are a variety of strategies for answering(iii). One might hold e. g. that moral truths are revealed by god and

Different Sort of Personal Identity:\Ethical\ Identity . Personal Identity: \Ethical\v. \Metaphysical\questions The previous lectures and readings on personal identity were primarily concerned with the metaphysics of personal identity. Question of diachronic identity/unity: Confronted with an individual X at one time and Y at another, what would make it the case that X and Y are (or are parts of) the same person? We've seen that the answer to this question may well depend on what sort of thing you think persons are: are persons bodies? Streams of consciousness?

24.00: Problems of Philosophy Prof. Sally Haslanger November 7, 2001 Freewill IlI: Libertarianism I. Recap: Compatibilism v. Incompatibilism Hard determinism is the view that determinis is true and that because of this freedom is an illusion. The libertarian agrees with the hard determinist that freewill is incompatible with determinism, but disagrees about which claim should be rejected. The libertarian holds that we have free will, but this is only because determinism is false-free acts occur and are undetermined. The hard determinist and the libertarian are both incompatibilists. Soft determinism, also known as compatibilism, maintains that determinism is true, but also that determinism is

Evidentialism(Clifford): \It is wrong abways, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence\ (p.113) Pragmatism(James): Faced with a genuine choice about what to believe, and where evidence does not decide the matter, we are free to decide it however we want. Oour passional nature not only lawfully may, but must, decide an option between propositions, whenever it is a genuine option that cannot by its nature be decided on intellectual grounds. (127) In the relevant cases, we are not

September 12, 2001 The Problem of Evil Last time we considered the ontological argument for the existence of God. If the argument is cogent, then we have reason to be rational theists, i.e., to maintain that there are justifying reasons for belief in God's existence. Today we're going to consider an argument for atheism which purports to show that theism is incoherent, i.e., that theism entails a contradiction. If the argument works, then the only option available to the theist would be irrational theism: belief in God's existence in spite of justifying reasons supporting

定义:对于An,若有B满足AB=BA=E,则称A为可逆矩阵, 且B为A的逆矩阵,记作A-1=B 定理1若A为可逆矩阵,则A的逆矩阵唯一 证设B与C都是A的逆矩阵,则有

3.1矩阵的秩 1.子式:在An中,选取k行与k列,位于交叉处的k2个数按照原来的 相对位置构成k阶行列式,称为A的一个k阶子式,记作D 对于给定的k,不同的k阶子式总共有C个 2.矩阵的秩:在A中,若 (1)有某个r阶子式D,≠0; (2)所有的r+1阶子式D+1=0(如果有r+1阶子式的话) 称A的秩为r,记作 rankA=r,或者r(A)r.规定:rank0=0 性质:(1) rankA min{m,n}

Background An icbm with a range of 6500 miles has a stagnation temperature of 12,000%F, 2000 f hotter than the surface of the sun Calculations showed that the optimum design for structural strength, resistance to heating, and free flight stability was a long, needle nosed reentry body But it would vaporize during reentry

7.1 An overview of metabolism Metabolism may be divided into two major parts: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism: larger and more Waste products complex molecules are broken Nutrients Biosynthesis down into smaller, simpler Energy molecules with the release of for growth energy

1.I'm an office worker.我是上班族。 2. work for the government.我在政府机关做事。 3.' m happy to meet you.很高兴见到你 4. like your sense of humor.我喜欢你的幽默感。 5.Im glad to see you again.很高兴再次见到你