一)离子晶体 结点:+、离子 作用力:+、离子间的静电引力:fqq-1d2d=r+r 作用能(晶格能):

本文利用精确测量坩埚型电导池的尺寸以及不同插入深度的电阻值,并根据下列公式:\\[\\begin{array}{l}\\sigma = \\frac{1}{{2\\pi \\Delta {\\rm{h}}}}{\\rm{(}}\\frac{{\\rm{1}}}{{{{\\rm{R}}_{\\rm{2}}}}}{\\rm{ - }}\\frac{{\\rm{1}}}{{{{\\rm{R}}_{\\rm{1}}}}}{\\rm{)ln(}}\\frac{{{{\\rm{D}}_{\\rm{2}}}{\\rm{ - m}}}}{{{{\\rm{D}}_{\\rm{1}}}{\\rm{ - m}}}}{\\rm{ \\bullet }}\\frac{{{{\\rm{r}}_{\\rm{1}}}}}{{{{\\rm{r}}_{\\rm{2}}}}}{\\rm{)}}\\\\{\\rm{或}}\\\\\\sigma = \\frac{{{{\\rm{K}}^*}}}{{\\Delta {\\rm{h}}}}{\\rm{(}}\\frac{{\\rm{1}}}{{{{\\rm{R}}_{\\rm{2}}}}}{\\rm{ - }}\\frac{{\\rm{1}}}{{{{\\rm{R}}_{\\rm{1}}}}}{\\rm{)}}\\end{array}\\]直接计算出电导率。因而可以省去利用已知电导率的溶液来标定电导池常数。这种方法简化了实验步骤,其结果也是精确的

1.实际年利率 APR EAR=1+ 2.年金现值 CC 1 Pv r(1+r) -(+)

1． 设D⊂ n R ， 为连续映射。如果D中的点列{x m f : D → R k}满足

1 Conditional Expectation and Total Expectation There are conditional expectations, just as there are conditional probabilities. If R is a random variable and e is an event, then the conditional expectation Ex(r e)is defined

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一、齐次线性方程组 例1设A为n阶矩阵,证明 R(A)=R(). 证明由于若Ax=0,有AAx=0,这说明凡是 Ax=0的解必为AAx=0的解。 另一方面,若AAx=0,我们记Ax=y,则有 yy=x'a'ax=x(a'Ax)=0,则y=0,亦 即Ax=0.这说明凡是AAx=0的解必为Ax=0的 解。故A'Ax=0与Ax=0的同解。当两齐次线性 方程组同解,意味着它们的基础解系包含的向 量个数相等,亦即有: n-R(A)=n-R(A'A) 所以R(A)=R(A'a)

Ch. 22 Unit root in Vector Time series 1 Multivariate Wiener Processes and multivari- ate FCLT Section 2.1 of Chapter 21 described univariate standard Brownian motion W(r) as a scalar continuous-time process(W: rE0, 1-R). The variable W(r) has a N(O, r)distribution across realization, and for any given realization, w(r) is continuous function of the date r with independent increments. If a set of k such independent processes, denoted

Let=R3 and The result we have found for two /R =k, we have inputs may be extended to any v2=-k(v1+3) number of inputs

Ohm's law states that voltage across many types of conducting materials is directly proportional to the current flowing through the material. U= Ri or R= i R--resis tance()( linear resistor) The resistor is a passive element that cannot deliver power or store energy